NR566 Advanced Pharmacology for Care of the
Family Wk 6 Final Exam v3 Questions with Correct
Answers and Expert Explanation for Each Question
1. A 45-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes is currently taking Metformin but
requires additional glycemic control. Which class of medication is most likely to cause
weight loss and reduce cardiovascular risk?
A. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
B. Sulfonylureas
C. DPP-4 Inhibitors
D. Thiazolidinediones
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: GLP-1 receptor agonists such as Liraglutide are known to
promote weight loss by slowing gastric emptying and increasing satiety. These
agents have also shown significant benefits in reducing major adverse
cardiovascular events in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Unlike
sulfonylureas, they have a lower risk of hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy.
2. Which of the following is a primary contraindication for the use of ACE inhibitors in
a hypertensive patient?
A. Tachycardia
,B. Hypokalemia
C. History of angioedema
D. Asthma
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Angioedema is a life-threatening adverse effect associated
with ACE inhibitors due to the accumulation of bradykinin. If a patient has a
documented history of angioedema from any cause, ACE inhibitors should be strictly
avoided. Alternative treatments such as Calcium Channel Blockers or ARBs might be
considered depending on the clinical context.
3. A pregnant woman in her second trimester requires treatment for a urinary tract
infection. Which antibiotic is generally considered safe during pregnancy?
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Nitrofurantoin
C. Doxycycline
D. Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Nitrofurantoin is widely used for UTIs in pregnancy and is
generally considered safe during the second trimester. Fluoroquinolones like
,Ciprofloxacin are avoided due to potential risks to fetal cartilage development.
Tetracyclines like Doxycycline are avoided as they can cause permanent tooth
discoloration in the fetus.
4. When prescribing Warfarin (Coumadin), which laboratory value must be monitored
to ensure therapeutic efficacy and safety?
A. International Normalized Ratio (INR)
B. Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
C. Platelet count
D. Serum Creatinine
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The INR is the standard laboratory measurement used to
monitor the effectiveness of Warfarin therapy. For most indications like atrial
fibrillation, the target INR range is typically 2.0 to 3.0. Frequent monitoring is
essential because Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index and numerous drug-food
interactions.
5. A patient with chronic stable angina is prescribed Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets.
What is the most important education regarding storage?
A. Keep the tablets in a plastic pill organizer
B. Carry the tablets in a pocket close to body heat
, C. Keep the bottle in the refrigerator
D. Store the tablets in their original dark glass bottle
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Nitroglycerin is highly sensitive to light, heat, and moisture,
which can cause the medication to lose its potency. It must be kept in its original
amber glass vial with the cap tightly closed. Patients should be instructed to replace
the supply every six months to ensure the drug remains effective during an
emergency.
6. Which medication is the first-line treatment for a patient newly diagnosed with
Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) to improve survival?
A. Furosemide
B. Lisinopril
C. Digoxin
D. Amlodipine
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril are cornerstone therapy for
HFrEF because they block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, reducing
remodeling and mortality. Furosemide is used for symptom management of fluid
Family Wk 6 Final Exam v3 Questions with Correct
Answers and Expert Explanation for Each Question
1. A 45-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes is currently taking Metformin but
requires additional glycemic control. Which class of medication is most likely to cause
weight loss and reduce cardiovascular risk?
A. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
B. Sulfonylureas
C. DPP-4 Inhibitors
D. Thiazolidinediones
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: GLP-1 receptor agonists such as Liraglutide are known to
promote weight loss by slowing gastric emptying and increasing satiety. These
agents have also shown significant benefits in reducing major adverse
cardiovascular events in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Unlike
sulfonylureas, they have a lower risk of hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy.
2. Which of the following is a primary contraindication for the use of ACE inhibitors in
a hypertensive patient?
A. Tachycardia
,B. Hypokalemia
C. History of angioedema
D. Asthma
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Angioedema is a life-threatening adverse effect associated
with ACE inhibitors due to the accumulation of bradykinin. If a patient has a
documented history of angioedema from any cause, ACE inhibitors should be strictly
avoided. Alternative treatments such as Calcium Channel Blockers or ARBs might be
considered depending on the clinical context.
3. A pregnant woman in her second trimester requires treatment for a urinary tract
infection. Which antibiotic is generally considered safe during pregnancy?
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Nitrofurantoin
C. Doxycycline
D. Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Nitrofurantoin is widely used for UTIs in pregnancy and is
generally considered safe during the second trimester. Fluoroquinolones like
,Ciprofloxacin are avoided due to potential risks to fetal cartilage development.
Tetracyclines like Doxycycline are avoided as they can cause permanent tooth
discoloration in the fetus.
4. When prescribing Warfarin (Coumadin), which laboratory value must be monitored
to ensure therapeutic efficacy and safety?
A. International Normalized Ratio (INR)
B. Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
C. Platelet count
D. Serum Creatinine
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The INR is the standard laboratory measurement used to
monitor the effectiveness of Warfarin therapy. For most indications like atrial
fibrillation, the target INR range is typically 2.0 to 3.0. Frequent monitoring is
essential because Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index and numerous drug-food
interactions.
5. A patient with chronic stable angina is prescribed Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets.
What is the most important education regarding storage?
A. Keep the tablets in a plastic pill organizer
B. Carry the tablets in a pocket close to body heat
, C. Keep the bottle in the refrigerator
D. Store the tablets in their original dark glass bottle
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Nitroglycerin is highly sensitive to light, heat, and moisture,
which can cause the medication to lose its potency. It must be kept in its original
amber glass vial with the cap tightly closed. Patients should be instructed to replace
the supply every six months to ensure the drug remains effective during an
emergency.
6. Which medication is the first-line treatment for a patient newly diagnosed with
Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) to improve survival?
A. Furosemide
B. Lisinopril
C. Digoxin
D. Amlodipine
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril are cornerstone therapy for
HFrEF because they block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, reducing
remodeling and mortality. Furosemide is used for symptom management of fluid
