AMERICAN YAWP CHAPTER 12 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
John Louis O'Sullivan - Answers Magazine editor who declared that it was the "manifest destiny" of
Americans to settle western lands
Manifest Destiny - Answers Belief that it was the US right to expand from coast to coast. Built on
white racial superiority and American cultural superiority, major debates of the time period
Young America movement - Answers political movement popular among young voters during the
1840s and early 1850s that advocated free market capitalism, national expansionism, and American
patriotism
Horace Greeley - Answers 1841 he commanded publisher "Do not lounge in the cities!" "There is
room and health in the country, away from the crowds of idlers and imbeciles. Go west, before you
are fitted for no life but that of the factory." The New York Tribune often argued that American
exceptionalism required the United States to benevolently conquer the continent as the prime means
of spreading both economic and political democracy.
First Seminole War - Answers For seven years the Seminole Indians, joined by runaway black slaves,
waged a bitter guerrilla war against the Americans and Indian Removal
Indian Removal Act of 1830 - Answers Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-
exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's
provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of
American Indians to the West.
Worcester V. Georgia - Answers Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal
protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty -
Jackson ignored it
John Ridge - Answers Official of a Cherokee faction - supported John Ross
John Ross - Answers Cherokee Official- national faction - a group supportive of peace but refusing any
removal treaty
Treaty of New Echota - Answers (President Jackson wanted large-scale removal of the Cherokee from
Georgia violent intra-tribal battle between the two factions) - 1835, a portion of the Cherokee Nation
hoping to prevent further tribal bloodshed signed the Treaty of New Echota, ceding lands in Georgia
for five million dollars and, the signatories hoped, limiting future conflicts between the Cherokee and
white settlers
Martin Van Buren - Answers Eighth President of the US -1838, decided to press the issue beyond
negotiation and court rulings and used the New Echota Treaty provisions to order the army to forcibly
remove those Cherokee not obeying the Treaty's cession of territory. Sixteen thousand Cherokee
began the journey, but harsh weather, poor planning, and difficult travel resulted in between 3,000-
4,000 deaths on what became known as the Trail of Tears. Not every instance was as treacherous as
the Cherokee example and some tribes resisted removal. But over 60,000 Indians were forced west by
the opening of the Civil War.
Black Hawk War - Answers Indian removal occurred in the North as well—the "Black Hawk War" in
1832, for instance, led to the removal of many Sauk to Kansas.
Great Basin region - Answers Mexican Independence also escalated patterns of violence. This region,
on the periphery of the Spanish empire, was nonetheless integrated in the vast commercial trading
network of the West. Mexican officials and Anglo-American traders entered the region with their own
imperial designs. New forms of violence spread into the homelands of the Paiute and Western
Shoshone as traders, settlers, and Mormon religious refugees, aided by U.S. officials and soldiers,
committed daily acts of violence and laid the groundwork for violent conquest. This expansion of the
American state meant groups such as the Ute, Cheyenne and Arapahoe had to compete over land,
resources, captives, and trade relations with Anglo-Americans. Eventually, white incursion and
ongoing Indian Wars resulted in traumatic dispossession of land and struggle for subsistence
Thomas L. McKenney - Answers superintendent of Indian trade from 1816 to 1822 and the
Superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1824 to 1830, served as the main architect of the "civilization
policy." He asserted that American Indians were morally and intellectually equal to whites and
advocated for the establishment of a national Indian school system as an extension of the factory
system coupled with an embrace of American ingenuity and perseverance
Erie Canal - Answers With the increase in popularity of Steamboats (1810-1820s) local, state, federal
government were used funds to improve and connect canals/ streams creating hundreds of miles of
John Louis O'Sullivan - Answers Magazine editor who declared that it was the "manifest destiny" of
Americans to settle western lands
Manifest Destiny - Answers Belief that it was the US right to expand from coast to coast. Built on
white racial superiority and American cultural superiority, major debates of the time period
Young America movement - Answers political movement popular among young voters during the
1840s and early 1850s that advocated free market capitalism, national expansionism, and American
patriotism
Horace Greeley - Answers 1841 he commanded publisher "Do not lounge in the cities!" "There is
room and health in the country, away from the crowds of idlers and imbeciles. Go west, before you
are fitted for no life but that of the factory." The New York Tribune often argued that American
exceptionalism required the United States to benevolently conquer the continent as the prime means
of spreading both economic and political democracy.
First Seminole War - Answers For seven years the Seminole Indians, joined by runaway black slaves,
waged a bitter guerrilla war against the Americans and Indian Removal
Indian Removal Act of 1830 - Answers Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-
exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's
provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of
American Indians to the West.
Worcester V. Georgia - Answers Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal
protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty -
Jackson ignored it
John Ridge - Answers Official of a Cherokee faction - supported John Ross
John Ross - Answers Cherokee Official- national faction - a group supportive of peace but refusing any
removal treaty
Treaty of New Echota - Answers (President Jackson wanted large-scale removal of the Cherokee from
Georgia violent intra-tribal battle between the two factions) - 1835, a portion of the Cherokee Nation
hoping to prevent further tribal bloodshed signed the Treaty of New Echota, ceding lands in Georgia
for five million dollars and, the signatories hoped, limiting future conflicts between the Cherokee and
white settlers
Martin Van Buren - Answers Eighth President of the US -1838, decided to press the issue beyond
negotiation and court rulings and used the New Echota Treaty provisions to order the army to forcibly
remove those Cherokee not obeying the Treaty's cession of territory. Sixteen thousand Cherokee
began the journey, but harsh weather, poor planning, and difficult travel resulted in between 3,000-
4,000 deaths on what became known as the Trail of Tears. Not every instance was as treacherous as
the Cherokee example and some tribes resisted removal. But over 60,000 Indians were forced west by
the opening of the Civil War.
Black Hawk War - Answers Indian removal occurred in the North as well—the "Black Hawk War" in
1832, for instance, led to the removal of many Sauk to Kansas.
Great Basin region - Answers Mexican Independence also escalated patterns of violence. This region,
on the periphery of the Spanish empire, was nonetheless integrated in the vast commercial trading
network of the West. Mexican officials and Anglo-American traders entered the region with their own
imperial designs. New forms of violence spread into the homelands of the Paiute and Western
Shoshone as traders, settlers, and Mormon religious refugees, aided by U.S. officials and soldiers,
committed daily acts of violence and laid the groundwork for violent conquest. This expansion of the
American state meant groups such as the Ute, Cheyenne and Arapahoe had to compete over land,
resources, captives, and trade relations with Anglo-Americans. Eventually, white incursion and
ongoing Indian Wars resulted in traumatic dispossession of land and struggle for subsistence
Thomas L. McKenney - Answers superintendent of Indian trade from 1816 to 1822 and the
Superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1824 to 1830, served as the main architect of the "civilization
policy." He asserted that American Indians were morally and intellectually equal to whites and
advocated for the establishment of a national Indian school system as an extension of the factory
system coupled with an embrace of American ingenuity and perseverance
Erie Canal - Answers With the increase in popularity of Steamboats (1810-1820s) local, state, federal
government were used funds to improve and connect canals/ streams creating hundreds of miles of
