GUIDE ACTUAL EXAM 2026
GRADED A+
The advantage must provide Value to consumers; it should be Inimitable (not easily imitated),
Rare, and an organization must have the Aptitude (capability) and Lifespan (sustainability) to
earn appropriate returns on the advantage.
Productivity - answer- A mathematical calculation; it is the ratio of the outputs achieved
divided by the inputs consumed to achieve those outputs.
6 Types of Inventory - answer- o Raw Materials
o Work In Progress
o Finished Goods
o Replacement Parts Inventory
o Supplies
o Transportation
Raw Materials - answer- These parts and materials are obtained from suppliers and are
used in the production process.
Work-in-process (WIP) - answer- These are partly finished parts, components, sub-
assemblies, or modules.
,Inputs - answer- People, capital, material, money
Outputs - answer- Services and goods
Sustainability - answer- Defined broadly in operations and supply chain management as
the ethical issues an organization faces to balance financial performance while maintaining
social responsibility standards and a responsible environmental profile.
VIRAL - answer- Acronym - A framework for competitive advantage.
Viral, Inimitable, Rare, Aptitude, Lifespan.
Finished Goods - answer- Items are ready to ship to the customer. No more work is
required.
Replacement parts inventory - answer- These are maintained to replace other parts in
machinery or equipment as those parts wear out
Supplies - answer- Parts or materials are used to support the production process but not
usually a component of the product. These items, such as lubricant and cutting tools, are
consumed in the production process.
Transportation (pipeline): - answer- The portion of inventory that is in the process of
being shipped through the distribution system.
4 Types of Demand - answer- o Peak
o Seasonal
, o Unexpected
o Chase
Peak Demand - answer- Demand which occurs in response to planned events such as
advertising, publicity or promotion. The release of a popular game franchise's latest version
often causes peak demand for a few days or weeks.
Perpetual Inventory System - answer- Continuously monitors inventory levels and is also
called a continuous review system. Requires human input (i.e. cashier) and the ordering of more
inventory is triggered by reorder point.
o Requires an exact inventory balance at all times
o Best for big businesses, retail stores, or banks
o High value and high volume
o Expensive to implement and maintain
Periodic Inventory System - answer- Randomly monitors inventory levels and is also called
the fixed order interval system.
o Requires a physical count periodically
o Used when a supplier will only deliver at specific time intervals
o Low value and volume
o Used for small businesses
o Inexpensive to implement and maintain
ABC analysis - answer- Has been developed to determine which inventory items should
receive the highest level of control. By multiplying the dollar value of each item by its annual