‘ Name____________________
KS4 Biology
Bioenergetics - Respiration
Topic Booklet
Lesson Page numbers
1. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration 1
2. Response to exercise 8
3. Metabolism 15
4. FA1
0
,Lesson 1 Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
KEYWORD DEFINITION
Exothermic When energy is transferred to the environment.
Energy When energy is transferred from one store/form to another eg solar to chemical.
transfer
Energy release When energy is released during a chemical reaction e.g. thermal energy in an
exothermic reaction.
Aerobic With oxygen.
Mitochondria Organelle in the cell, the site of aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic Without oxygen.
Respiration is an exothermic reaction which releases energy to allow cells to carry out its vital
functions. All cells have to respire to survive. Human respiration comes in two forms; aerobic and
anaerobic. Our bodies perform aerobic respiration most of the time, as long as the supply of oxygen
remains high enough. The word and symbol equation for aerobic respiration is shown below:
How do cells get the reactants they need for respiration?
As we can see from the equation above, cells need two reactants for aerobic respiration; glucose and
oxygen.
Oxygen is found in the air that we breathe in. This oxygen then diffuses from the alveoli into the blood
where red blood cells are found. Red blood cells are able to carry oxygen around as they contain
haemoglobin which binds to oxygen. Oxygen diffuses out of the red blood cell and into cells that need
to respire.
Glucose is taken to the cells in the bloodstream. It diffuses into the cell either by diffusion (it is too
large to just diffuse through the cell membrane) or by secondary active transport.
1
, TASK 1 - Comprehension questions
Answer the questions below in your books.
1. The cells of animals require cellular energy. Write a balanced chemical equation for aerobic
respiration in animals. (2)
2. The figure below shows an animal cell.
Identify which letter represents the subcellular structure where respiration takes place and
name the subcellular structure. (2)
3. Which of the following statements applies to respiration? (1)
a. Endothermic reaction
b. Anabolic reaction
c. Exothermic reaction
d. Combustion reaction
4. Earthworms are decomposers which break down dead plant and animal material in the soil.
Decomposition is faster in aerated soil because the earthworms can respire aerobically. How
does aerated soil ensure that the earthworms can respire aerobically? (1)
Extension questions
1. What does the white part of a leaf not contain?
2. What chemical is used to test for starch?
What is energy needed for?
The energy released in respiration is used for the following processes:
● build large molecules from smaller ones as well as the converse
● make muscles contract
● maintain constant temperature as part of homeostasis and for active transport.
2
KS4 Biology
Bioenergetics - Respiration
Topic Booklet
Lesson Page numbers
1. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration 1
2. Response to exercise 8
3. Metabolism 15
4. FA1
0
,Lesson 1 Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
KEYWORD DEFINITION
Exothermic When energy is transferred to the environment.
Energy When energy is transferred from one store/form to another eg solar to chemical.
transfer
Energy release When energy is released during a chemical reaction e.g. thermal energy in an
exothermic reaction.
Aerobic With oxygen.
Mitochondria Organelle in the cell, the site of aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic Without oxygen.
Respiration is an exothermic reaction which releases energy to allow cells to carry out its vital
functions. All cells have to respire to survive. Human respiration comes in two forms; aerobic and
anaerobic. Our bodies perform aerobic respiration most of the time, as long as the supply of oxygen
remains high enough. The word and symbol equation for aerobic respiration is shown below:
How do cells get the reactants they need for respiration?
As we can see from the equation above, cells need two reactants for aerobic respiration; glucose and
oxygen.
Oxygen is found in the air that we breathe in. This oxygen then diffuses from the alveoli into the blood
where red blood cells are found. Red blood cells are able to carry oxygen around as they contain
haemoglobin which binds to oxygen. Oxygen diffuses out of the red blood cell and into cells that need
to respire.
Glucose is taken to the cells in the bloodstream. It diffuses into the cell either by diffusion (it is too
large to just diffuse through the cell membrane) or by secondary active transport.
1
, TASK 1 - Comprehension questions
Answer the questions below in your books.
1. The cells of animals require cellular energy. Write a balanced chemical equation for aerobic
respiration in animals. (2)
2. The figure below shows an animal cell.
Identify which letter represents the subcellular structure where respiration takes place and
name the subcellular structure. (2)
3. Which of the following statements applies to respiration? (1)
a. Endothermic reaction
b. Anabolic reaction
c. Exothermic reaction
d. Combustion reaction
4. Earthworms are decomposers which break down dead plant and animal material in the soil.
Decomposition is faster in aerated soil because the earthworms can respire aerobically. How
does aerated soil ensure that the earthworms can respire aerobically? (1)
Extension questions
1. What does the white part of a leaf not contain?
2. What chemical is used to test for starch?
What is energy needed for?
The energy released in respiration is used for the following processes:
● build large molecules from smaller ones as well as the converse
● make muscles contract
● maintain constant temperature as part of homeostasis and for active transport.
2
