BIO 132 Exam 1 Based on Study Guides with correct answers 100% 2026

BIO 132 Exam 1 Based on Study Guides with correct answers 100% 2026 What are the seven characteristics of all living things? - Correct Answer They are: 1. Organized 2. Metabolize 3. Reproduce 4. Grow and develop 5. They have homeostasis 6. Respond to stimuli 7. Evolve How are all living things organized? - Correct Answer Because they are all made up of the same basic structures. I.e.: Atoms make molecules, which make cells, which make tissues, which multiple together make organs, which make organ systems, which make an Organism. Then those make populations, which make communities, which make ecosystems, which make the biosphere. How do organisms acquire and utilize materials and energy, i.e., metabolize? - Correct Answer Humans and other creatures do by eating food, and plants do from sunlight and soil. Define reproduction? - Correct Answer When cells come into being from pre-existing cells, which means that all living things have parents. DNA enables living organisms to pass on hereditary info from parent to child. Compare and contrast growth and development. - Correct Answer In humans, development includes all the changes that occur from the time the egg is fertilized until death. Growth is an increase in size (hypertrophy) and often an increase in the number of cells (hyperplasia) and is included in development. The repair that takes place following an injury is also a part of development. Define homeostasis and know how various organ systems contribute to homeostasis. - Correct Answer Homeostasis is an internal environment for cells that usually varies only within certain limits. The cardiovascular system and the nervous system work together to maintain a constant temperature; the digestive system takes in nutrients; the respiratory system exchanges gases with the environment; the cardiovascular system distributes nutrients and oxygen to the cells and picks up their waste; the urinary system excretes metabolic waste; the nervous and endocrine systems coordinate the functions of all the other systems. Define how animals respond to stimuli. - Correct Answer Living things respond to external stimuli, often by moving toward or away from a stimulus. E.x., drawing your hand away from a hot burner, moving towards food, a plant following the sun. How is evolution responsible for both the unity and diversity of life? - Correct Answer Evolution is the process by which a species changes over time. It explains the unity of all life since it all came from an original cell and share seven characteristics, and the diversity because species adapt to their environments, which makes them different depending on where they live. What are the three domains of life? - Correct Answer Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Describe the domain Bacteria. - Correct Answer **Don't forget to put in the rest of the study guide for Chapter 1. *PUT THE REST OF CHAPTER 1 STUDY GUIDE ON* - Correct Answer Okay Define Matter - Correct Answer Anything that takes up space and has mass/weight (can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas). Describe an Element - Correct Answer The things that all matter is composed of; there are 92 natural elements and each one has a unique name and symbol. The building blocks of matter that can not be taken apart by ordinary chemical means. Describe the organization of an atom including its subatomic particles. - Correct Answer Subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons aren't charged at all (which is why they're *neutr*al). Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus (center) of an atom while the electrons orbit around it. The atomic number is the number of protons (and therefore electrons, since they're the same amount), and the atomic weight (the number on the bottom of the symbol) is equal to the number of protons and neutrons. The first ring orbiting around the nucleus can hold 2 electrons. The next ring can hold 8, and the next one can hold 18(?). The outermost ring is called the valence shell, and it likes to be full in order for it to be stable. What are Isotopes? - Correct Answer Isotopes are atoms that have the same atomic number but different amounts of neutrons (e.x. C12, C13, C14). Most of them are stable, but some emit radiation. Describe atoms with low levels of radiation. - Correct Answer They are radioactive isotopes that behave in the same way that their stable isotope does. Low radioactive isotopes are used in many medical treatments. Describe atoms with High levels of radiation. - Correct Answer These radioactive isotopes can be harmful to human health, although they are used for cancer therapy and sterilizing things. Accidents at nuclear power plants, however, can have long-ranging effects. Define Molecule - Correct Answer Molecules are any two+ atoms that are bound together. Define Compound Molecule - Correct Answer A molecule made up of two or more different kinds of atoms. What are the two types of bonds that occur between atoms? - Correct Answer Ionic and covalent What is ionic bonding? - Correct Answer Ionic bonding is when an atom gives up electrons from its valence shell in order to become stable, which is called cation. Then another atom receives those cast out electrons into its valence shell and it becomes stable, which is called anion. These oppositely charged atoms are attracted to each other and form an ionic bond. What is a covalent bond? - Correct Answer A covalent bond is when two or more atoms are share electrons in order to make them more stable, which binds them together. What is a polar covalent bond? - Correct Answer A polar covalent bond is when the electrons are shared between two atoms unevenly. Because an electron is spending more time on one atom than on another one, one side of it becomes negatively charged while the other side is made positive, such as in H2O. Why is water considered a polar molecule? - Correct Answer Because one oxygen (O) and two hydrogen (H) and bound together with a covalent bond. The electrons in this bond, however, spend more time on the O atom, which makes it negative, and less time on the H atoms, which make them positive. What are hydrogen bonds? - Correct Answer A weak attraction that occurs between polar molecules. Why are hydrogen bonds important for water molecules? - Correct Answer Because that is what keeps them together. They are loosely connected, not in a brick shape. List the important qualities of w