FNP scrub life notes
Terms in this set (233)
Eye fundamentals cones: responsible for color perception, 20/20 vision, sharp vision.
Rods: help you detect lights/shadows, night vision.
Vision tests If a patient presents with eye complaints, we must always assess their visual
acuity first
Snellen chart
- assess central vision
-stand 20 feet back
-cranial nerve II
Visual fields confrontation
- assess peripheral vision
-tests one eye at a time
- cranial nerve II
Ishihara color test
- assess for color blindness
-must be able to read numbers and follow instructions
-uncommon to occur in life
Vision scoring 20/20
- patient can see from 20 feet what a normal person can see from 20 feet.
20/40
- patient can see from 20 feet what a normal person can see at 40 feet
20/200
patient can see at 20 feet what a normal person can see from 200 feet. Considered
legally blind
, Strabismus Horizontal or vertical misalignment of the eye.
Diagnosis: cover/ uncover test
normal finding in infants, should correct by 4-6
months can lead to permanent vision loss or
abnormal vision
Amblyopia- Lazy
eye Esotropia- Cross-
eyed
White pupillary reflex visualized during fundoscopic exam or with flash photography
could indicate retinoblastoma or congenital cataracts
referral to ophthalmology.
Fundoscopic exams retinal veins vs. retinal arteries.
Veins larger and darker, 3:2 ratio
you should always see the red reflex.
An absent red reflex is a screening tool for cataracts.
Fundoscopic HTN "Ed knows that Nick'D wires cause flames"
PapillEDema
- bilateral swollen optic discs with blurred edges
-elevated intraocular pressures
-emergency, refer to ED
AV NICKing
-artery crosses a vein and causes a bulge
- reversible with better BP control
Copper WIRE arteries
- arteries appear red and copper in color
-reversible with better BP control
FLAME hemorrhages
- diffuse, brush-stroke hemorrhages on retina nerve fiber layer
Fundoscopic DM "cleaning with micro blots of cotton makes everything look new"
MICROaneurysms
- small bulges in retinal blood vessels that often leak fluid
BLOT hemorrhages
- dense, red, sharply outlined hemorrhages found deeper in retinal layers
COTTON wool spots
-yellow/white fluffy patches seen on the retina
-underlying vascular insufficiency
-R/T diabetic retinopathy
NEOvascularization
- new, fragile, arteries in the retina that rupture and bleed.
Terms in this set (233)
Eye fundamentals cones: responsible for color perception, 20/20 vision, sharp vision.
Rods: help you detect lights/shadows, night vision.
Vision tests If a patient presents with eye complaints, we must always assess their visual
acuity first
Snellen chart
- assess central vision
-stand 20 feet back
-cranial nerve II
Visual fields confrontation
- assess peripheral vision
-tests one eye at a time
- cranial nerve II
Ishihara color test
- assess for color blindness
-must be able to read numbers and follow instructions
-uncommon to occur in life
Vision scoring 20/20
- patient can see from 20 feet what a normal person can see from 20 feet.
20/40
- patient can see from 20 feet what a normal person can see at 40 feet
20/200
patient can see at 20 feet what a normal person can see from 200 feet. Considered
legally blind
, Strabismus Horizontal or vertical misalignment of the eye.
Diagnosis: cover/ uncover test
normal finding in infants, should correct by 4-6
months can lead to permanent vision loss or
abnormal vision
Amblyopia- Lazy
eye Esotropia- Cross-
eyed
White pupillary reflex visualized during fundoscopic exam or with flash photography
could indicate retinoblastoma or congenital cataracts
referral to ophthalmology.
Fundoscopic exams retinal veins vs. retinal arteries.
Veins larger and darker, 3:2 ratio
you should always see the red reflex.
An absent red reflex is a screening tool for cataracts.
Fundoscopic HTN "Ed knows that Nick'D wires cause flames"
PapillEDema
- bilateral swollen optic discs with blurred edges
-elevated intraocular pressures
-emergency, refer to ED
AV NICKing
-artery crosses a vein and causes a bulge
- reversible with better BP control
Copper WIRE arteries
- arteries appear red and copper in color
-reversible with better BP control
FLAME hemorrhages
- diffuse, brush-stroke hemorrhages on retina nerve fiber layer
Fundoscopic DM "cleaning with micro blots of cotton makes everything look new"
MICROaneurysms
- small bulges in retinal blood vessels that often leak fluid
BLOT hemorrhages
- dense, red, sharply outlined hemorrhages found deeper in retinal layers
COTTON wool spots
-yellow/white fluffy patches seen on the retina
-underlying vascular insufficiency
-R/T diabetic retinopathy
NEOvascularization
- new, fragile, arteries in the retina that rupture and bleed.
