Bio 1002: Midterm (uwo) Test
Questions with All Quality Answers.
chlamy characteristics - Answer -green algae
-photosynthetic
-unicellular eukaryote
-eyespot
-requires little space for growth, short generation time, haploid cell (easier to manipulate and
keep track of one set of DNA instead of 2)
what is chlamys eyespot importance - Answer -controls phototaxis=when chalky responds to
light stimulus by directing flagella to move towards (+)or move away (-) the light source
prokaryotes vs eukaryotes - Answer prokaryotes:
-simple structure
-no prominent nucleas
-small size
-cell wall has peptidoglycan
-small ribosomes
-unicellualr
-no organelle
-ex. bacteria, archea
Eukaryotes:
-complex structure
-nuclease
-large size
-cell wall has chitin or cellulose
-large ribosomes
-unicellular or multicellular
-membrane bounded organelles
-ex. human, plant, fungi, protists
what do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common - Answer -contain DNA
-contain ribosomes
-have cell emmbrane
,-contain cytoplasm
T/F: chalmy is haplontic - Answer T: produces gametes that fuse to form diploid zygote
during times of distress (ex. bad environment) so it can withstand it, and then form haploid cells
again once stress has passed
T/F: animals and plants are diplontic - Answer T
how is chlamy grown in the lab - Answer -grown in TAP media which has macronutrient and
micronutrients to survive
-N=amino acids
-S= certain amino acids
-P= components of ATP
-Fe= transport O2 through hemoglobin in blood (humans and animals), electron transport chain
(ex. energy production in mitochondria), metabolic processes (ex. DNA sequences)
Mo= acts of cofactor for important enzymes for life
how long does chlamy take to divide - Answer 10 hours
lag phase - Answer -cells do not grow much, systems are starting up-> cell care metaboliically
active but still getting used to the new experiment
exponential phase - Answer -steepest part of graph (big growth that is quick) -> optimal
growth, straight line ion log scale
stationary phase - Answer -cells stop dividing (lack of nutrients)-> cells reach certain number
and stop dividing, run out of nutrient in media
is chlamy more closely related to plants or humans? - Answer -plants
-even then, there are traits that are in chammy that are also present in humans but not plants
(ex. flagella and cilia)
how can we explain that chlamy and humans have flagella but plants do not? - Answer -the
most common ancestor of algae, plants and humans have flagella which retained in humans and
algae but lost in plants
-the genes that encode the flagellum are virtually the same between humans and chlamy
whats motile cilia? - Answer cilia that move
, whats non-motile cilia? - Answer -dont move, function is sensory receptors
-most diseases in humans that interact are caused by non-motile cilia
why is chlamy a good model system - Answer -can be used to study a number of human
disease
2 functions of light - Answer 1) source of enegry
2) provides information about physical environment in which organisms live
phototaxis - Answer ability of cell to move in relation to light
how does chlamy use light - Answer 1) chloroplast
-harvests light and uses it to make energy rich nutrients
2) eyespot
-light sensor that allows chlamy to gather info about the direction of light in environment
why does negative phototaxis move away from light - Answer -already has enough energy
why does positive phototaxis moves towards light - Answer -to get energy to make food
what would a mutation in flagella cause - Answer -may cause loss of phototaxis in chlamy
what would a mutation in opsin cause - Answer -may cause loss of phototaxis
eyespots structure (orange colour, plasma membrane) - Answer orange color= carotenoid
granule layers found within the chloroplast between the thylakoid membrane (jammed up on
the chloroplast membrane which is against the plasma membrane of the cell)
-plasma membrane= contains channelrodpsin
-channelrodopsin= protein complex that helps to trap light and use it for information that is
transmitted to the flagella
what happens when light comes into the eyespot from the front/back side - Answer front=
the light can either hit directly on channelrodopsin and get absorbed or can hit the outer
carotenoid layer and reflect back to be absorbed by channellrodopsin
back= the eyespot is blind to light that comes from back so it never gets to the channel
rhodopsin
Questions with All Quality Answers.
chlamy characteristics - Answer -green algae
-photosynthetic
-unicellular eukaryote
-eyespot
-requires little space for growth, short generation time, haploid cell (easier to manipulate and
keep track of one set of DNA instead of 2)
what is chlamys eyespot importance - Answer -controls phototaxis=when chalky responds to
light stimulus by directing flagella to move towards (+)or move away (-) the light source
prokaryotes vs eukaryotes - Answer prokaryotes:
-simple structure
-no prominent nucleas
-small size
-cell wall has peptidoglycan
-small ribosomes
-unicellualr
-no organelle
-ex. bacteria, archea
Eukaryotes:
-complex structure
-nuclease
-large size
-cell wall has chitin or cellulose
-large ribosomes
-unicellular or multicellular
-membrane bounded organelles
-ex. human, plant, fungi, protists
what do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common - Answer -contain DNA
-contain ribosomes
-have cell emmbrane
,-contain cytoplasm
T/F: chalmy is haplontic - Answer T: produces gametes that fuse to form diploid zygote
during times of distress (ex. bad environment) so it can withstand it, and then form haploid cells
again once stress has passed
T/F: animals and plants are diplontic - Answer T
how is chlamy grown in the lab - Answer -grown in TAP media which has macronutrient and
micronutrients to survive
-N=amino acids
-S= certain amino acids
-P= components of ATP
-Fe= transport O2 through hemoglobin in blood (humans and animals), electron transport chain
(ex. energy production in mitochondria), metabolic processes (ex. DNA sequences)
Mo= acts of cofactor for important enzymes for life
how long does chlamy take to divide - Answer 10 hours
lag phase - Answer -cells do not grow much, systems are starting up-> cell care metaboliically
active but still getting used to the new experiment
exponential phase - Answer -steepest part of graph (big growth that is quick) -> optimal
growth, straight line ion log scale
stationary phase - Answer -cells stop dividing (lack of nutrients)-> cells reach certain number
and stop dividing, run out of nutrient in media
is chlamy more closely related to plants or humans? - Answer -plants
-even then, there are traits that are in chammy that are also present in humans but not plants
(ex. flagella and cilia)
how can we explain that chlamy and humans have flagella but plants do not? - Answer -the
most common ancestor of algae, plants and humans have flagella which retained in humans and
algae but lost in plants
-the genes that encode the flagellum are virtually the same between humans and chlamy
whats motile cilia? - Answer cilia that move
, whats non-motile cilia? - Answer -dont move, function is sensory receptors
-most diseases in humans that interact are caused by non-motile cilia
why is chlamy a good model system - Answer -can be used to study a number of human
disease
2 functions of light - Answer 1) source of enegry
2) provides information about physical environment in which organisms live
phototaxis - Answer ability of cell to move in relation to light
how does chlamy use light - Answer 1) chloroplast
-harvests light and uses it to make energy rich nutrients
2) eyespot
-light sensor that allows chlamy to gather info about the direction of light in environment
why does negative phototaxis move away from light - Answer -already has enough energy
why does positive phototaxis moves towards light - Answer -to get energy to make food
what would a mutation in flagella cause - Answer -may cause loss of phototaxis in chlamy
what would a mutation in opsin cause - Answer -may cause loss of phototaxis
eyespots structure (orange colour, plasma membrane) - Answer orange color= carotenoid
granule layers found within the chloroplast between the thylakoid membrane (jammed up on
the chloroplast membrane which is against the plasma membrane of the cell)
-plasma membrane= contains channelrodpsin
-channelrodopsin= protein complex that helps to trap light and use it for information that is
transmitted to the flagella
what happens when light comes into the eyespot from the front/back side - Answer front=
the light can either hit directly on channelrodopsin and get absorbed or can hit the outer
carotenoid layer and reflect back to be absorbed by channellrodopsin
back= the eyespot is blind to light that comes from back so it never gets to the channel
rhodopsin
