Biology 1002B: Midterm Practice
Exam Questions and All Actual
Answers.
Major Features of Chlamydomonas - Answer
What structures and functions do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share and what don't they share -
Answer - They share Ribosomes, plasma membrane, DNA, Metabolism
- Prokaryote unique features, they both have a cell wall and plasma membrane, Have no nuclei,
unicellular, reproduce with binary fission
- Eukaryote unique features are they have a true nuclei, reproduce with meiosis/mitosis, have
membrane bound organelles (mitochondria)
**Some examples, way more differences**
haplontic, diplontic. What are the differences; role of meiosis and mitosis in each. - Answer
1. Haplontic life cycle produces diploid cells during the fusion of gametes
- Meiosis occurs to produce haploid cells from diploid cells
- Mitosis occurs for growth and sexual reproduction of cells
2. Diplontic life cycle produces haploid cells during the formation of gametes
-Meiosis occurs to produce haploid gametes from diploid cells
Mitosis occurs for growth and development of the diploid
Growth media...what is the difference between a Macronutrient and a Micronutrient - Answer
Macro: Required in large amounts.
(include carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg),
and calcium (Ca)
Involved with metabolic processes such as energy generation, protein synthesis and Nucleic acid
synthesis
,Micro: Required in smaller amounts.
(Include iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo),
nickel (Ni), and selenium (Se).
Important cofactors for various enzymes and involved in smaller metabolic pathways
Why do cells need so much NH4, S, P - Answer Nitrogen from NH4 (ammonia) is needed for
essential amino acids and nucleic acids.
Sulfur: Also essential for amino acids such as (cysteine and methionine), vitamins, and
coenzymes
Phosphorus: required component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, and ATP
why do Chlamy (and humans) need Fe and Mo? - Answer Fe (iron): necessary component of
ETC (electron transport chain), Oxygen transport and DNA synthesis. Also required for the
activity of chloroplasts enzymes involved in photosynthesis
Mo (Molybdenum): essential element involved in nitrogen fixation, sulfur metabolism, and
purine metabolism.
What are critical components needed for growth that aren't in TAP - Answer Carbon (C)
Oxygen (O)
water (H2O)
Microbial growth curve....what explains its shape....three major phases...(Lag, Exponential,
Stationary) what's going on in each - Answer The growth curve describes the changes in the
number of microorganisms over time in an environment. Has 3 phases:
Lag phase: Microorganisms not yet dividing, population remains relatively constant.
Exponential: Rapid, exponential increase in population. Organisms using all available nutrients.
Stationary: Growth rate stops due to lack of available resources or accumulation of waste
products. Curve plateaus and population remains constant
, Chlamy grows with a doubling time of about 10 hours at 25C....what does that actually
mean...grows and doubling time? - Answer When we say that Chlamydomonas grows with a
doubling time of about 10 hours at 25C, it means that the time it takes for the population of
Chlamydomonas cells to double in number is approximately 10 hours under those specific
growth conditions.
Chlamydomonas phylogeny....relationship to plants, animals - Answer Chalmy is closely
related to plants, sharing a common ancestor. They both have chloroplasts, cell walls, can
perform photosynthesis.
Differ by being able to use cellular respiration, flagella, eyespot.
eyespot is analogous (structurally similar to an human eye, but evolved separately)
In the lab it is useful that some systems (like Chlamy) are haploid...Why do scientists like
working with haploid systems? - Answer smaller and easier to work with genome, as well as
rapid evolution
Analysis of 7,476 Chlamy proteins...what processes underlie the proteins common to only
Chlamy/Humans, Chlamy/Arabidopsis, and Chlamy/Humans/Arabidopsis. - Answer Human
and chlamy proteins may involve processes that only humans and Chlamy can do, like Cell
respiration
Arabidopsis and chlmay proteins may involve processes that only humans and chlamy can do,
like photosynthesis
proteins common to all 3 may be involved in processes of all eukaryotes such as gene
expression, protein synthesis and metabolism
Basic organization and functional features of the eyespot. - Answer Carotenoid layers
prevent light from behind the eyespot from reaching the eye, Chloroplast layer reflects light
back into the eyespot, increasing channel rhodopsin light capture abilities.
**Cant add images without paying, search for Chlamy eyespot diagram if confused about
structure**
Phototaxis refers to the ability of microorganisms to __________. - Answer move towards or
away from light
Exam Questions and All Actual
Answers.
Major Features of Chlamydomonas - Answer
What structures and functions do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share and what don't they share -
Answer - They share Ribosomes, plasma membrane, DNA, Metabolism
- Prokaryote unique features, they both have a cell wall and plasma membrane, Have no nuclei,
unicellular, reproduce with binary fission
- Eukaryote unique features are they have a true nuclei, reproduce with meiosis/mitosis, have
membrane bound organelles (mitochondria)
**Some examples, way more differences**
haplontic, diplontic. What are the differences; role of meiosis and mitosis in each. - Answer
1. Haplontic life cycle produces diploid cells during the fusion of gametes
- Meiosis occurs to produce haploid cells from diploid cells
- Mitosis occurs for growth and sexual reproduction of cells
2. Diplontic life cycle produces haploid cells during the formation of gametes
-Meiosis occurs to produce haploid gametes from diploid cells
Mitosis occurs for growth and development of the diploid
Growth media...what is the difference between a Macronutrient and a Micronutrient - Answer
Macro: Required in large amounts.
(include carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg),
and calcium (Ca)
Involved with metabolic processes such as energy generation, protein synthesis and Nucleic acid
synthesis
,Micro: Required in smaller amounts.
(Include iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo),
nickel (Ni), and selenium (Se).
Important cofactors for various enzymes and involved in smaller metabolic pathways
Why do cells need so much NH4, S, P - Answer Nitrogen from NH4 (ammonia) is needed for
essential amino acids and nucleic acids.
Sulfur: Also essential for amino acids such as (cysteine and methionine), vitamins, and
coenzymes
Phosphorus: required component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, and ATP
why do Chlamy (and humans) need Fe and Mo? - Answer Fe (iron): necessary component of
ETC (electron transport chain), Oxygen transport and DNA synthesis. Also required for the
activity of chloroplasts enzymes involved in photosynthesis
Mo (Molybdenum): essential element involved in nitrogen fixation, sulfur metabolism, and
purine metabolism.
What are critical components needed for growth that aren't in TAP - Answer Carbon (C)
Oxygen (O)
water (H2O)
Microbial growth curve....what explains its shape....three major phases...(Lag, Exponential,
Stationary) what's going on in each - Answer The growth curve describes the changes in the
number of microorganisms over time in an environment. Has 3 phases:
Lag phase: Microorganisms not yet dividing, population remains relatively constant.
Exponential: Rapid, exponential increase in population. Organisms using all available nutrients.
Stationary: Growth rate stops due to lack of available resources or accumulation of waste
products. Curve plateaus and population remains constant
, Chlamy grows with a doubling time of about 10 hours at 25C....what does that actually
mean...grows and doubling time? - Answer When we say that Chlamydomonas grows with a
doubling time of about 10 hours at 25C, it means that the time it takes for the population of
Chlamydomonas cells to double in number is approximately 10 hours under those specific
growth conditions.
Chlamydomonas phylogeny....relationship to plants, animals - Answer Chalmy is closely
related to plants, sharing a common ancestor. They both have chloroplasts, cell walls, can
perform photosynthesis.
Differ by being able to use cellular respiration, flagella, eyespot.
eyespot is analogous (structurally similar to an human eye, but evolved separately)
In the lab it is useful that some systems (like Chlamy) are haploid...Why do scientists like
working with haploid systems? - Answer smaller and easier to work with genome, as well as
rapid evolution
Analysis of 7,476 Chlamy proteins...what processes underlie the proteins common to only
Chlamy/Humans, Chlamy/Arabidopsis, and Chlamy/Humans/Arabidopsis. - Answer Human
and chlamy proteins may involve processes that only humans and Chlamy can do, like Cell
respiration
Arabidopsis and chlmay proteins may involve processes that only humans and chlamy can do,
like photosynthesis
proteins common to all 3 may be involved in processes of all eukaryotes such as gene
expression, protein synthesis and metabolism
Basic organization and functional features of the eyespot. - Answer Carotenoid layers
prevent light from behind the eyespot from reaching the eye, Chloroplast layer reflects light
back into the eyespot, increasing channel rhodopsin light capture abilities.
**Cant add images without paying, search for Chlamy eyespot diagram if confused about
structure**
Phototaxis refers to the ability of microorganisms to __________. - Answer move towards or
away from light
