NUR 502 First Exam – Study Guide, Key Concepts & Practice Questions Review
secretory vesicles - correct answer ✔✔"Cargo Trucks" of the cell. Small membrane-bound
structures that function to move molecules from place to place in cell.
mitochondria - correct answer ✔✔Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP
(energy) production
ribosomes - correct answer ✔✔site of protein synthesis, link amino acids together to form
proteins
Golgi apparatus function - correct answer ✔✔modifies and packages proteins
increased oncotic pressure - correct answer ✔✔fluid accumulates in the interstium which is the
space between cells and blood vessels
Decreased oncotic pressure - correct answer ✔✔albumin loss (protein losing enteropathy,
protein losing nephropathy)- low volume and edema
endocytosis - correct answer ✔✔A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through
an inward folding of its plasma membrane. some parts of the immune system use this to
consume and destroy bacteria/foreign bodies
exocytosis - correct answer ✔✔Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material. think
of EXIT- usually requires assistance form a vesicle , ex: Glands often use this to secrete
hormones
phagocytosis - correct answer ✔✔A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or
whole cells- key role in immune system
, pinocystosis - correct answer ✔✔the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small
vesicles from the cell membrane.
cause of chromosome abnormalities - correct answer ✔✔primarily caused by errors during cell
division during meiosis
meiosis - correct answer ✔✔Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually
reproducing organisms
function of stem cells - correct answer ✔✔growth and repair, produced in bone marrow
Polysomy X / Klinefelter's Syndrome - correct answer ✔✔Diagnosed in males with multiple X
chromosomes through genetic testing but often undetected; manifestations include small
genitals, distinctive physiology, and increased vulnerability to osteoporosis and breast cancer
Monosomy X (Turner Syndrome) - correct answer ✔✔females only
deletion of part or all x chromosomes
short stature, lymphedema in hands/feet, broad chest with widely spread nipples, low set ears
prophase - correct answer ✔✔first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material
inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
metaphase - correct answer ✔✔second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line
up across the center of the cell
anaphase - correct answer ✔✔Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move
to opposite ends of the cell
secretory vesicles - correct answer ✔✔"Cargo Trucks" of the cell. Small membrane-bound
structures that function to move molecules from place to place in cell.
mitochondria - correct answer ✔✔Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP
(energy) production
ribosomes - correct answer ✔✔site of protein synthesis, link amino acids together to form
proteins
Golgi apparatus function - correct answer ✔✔modifies and packages proteins
increased oncotic pressure - correct answer ✔✔fluid accumulates in the interstium which is the
space between cells and blood vessels
Decreased oncotic pressure - correct answer ✔✔albumin loss (protein losing enteropathy,
protein losing nephropathy)- low volume and edema
endocytosis - correct answer ✔✔A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through
an inward folding of its plasma membrane. some parts of the immune system use this to
consume and destroy bacteria/foreign bodies
exocytosis - correct answer ✔✔Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material. think
of EXIT- usually requires assistance form a vesicle , ex: Glands often use this to secrete
hormones
phagocytosis - correct answer ✔✔A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or
whole cells- key role in immune system
, pinocystosis - correct answer ✔✔the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small
vesicles from the cell membrane.
cause of chromosome abnormalities - correct answer ✔✔primarily caused by errors during cell
division during meiosis
meiosis - correct answer ✔✔Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually
reproducing organisms
function of stem cells - correct answer ✔✔growth and repair, produced in bone marrow
Polysomy X / Klinefelter's Syndrome - correct answer ✔✔Diagnosed in males with multiple X
chromosomes through genetic testing but often undetected; manifestations include small
genitals, distinctive physiology, and increased vulnerability to osteoporosis and breast cancer
Monosomy X (Turner Syndrome) - correct answer ✔✔females only
deletion of part or all x chromosomes
short stature, lymphedema in hands/feet, broad chest with widely spread nipples, low set ears
prophase - correct answer ✔✔first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material
inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
metaphase - correct answer ✔✔second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line
up across the center of the cell
anaphase - correct answer ✔✔Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move
to opposite ends of the cell
