CRAT EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026 RATED A+
Chronotropic - CORRECT ANSWER ---heart rate
Inotropic - CORRECT ANSWER ---force of myocardial contractility
Dromotropic - CORRECT ANSWER ---conduction velocity through the AV node
Systole - CORRECT ANSWER ---contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure rises
during systole.
Diastole - CORRECT ANSWER ---rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill. Pressure
falls during diastole.
Stroke Volume - CORRECT ANSWER ---the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each beat.
(mL/beat)
Cardiac output- definition - CORRECT ANSWER ---The amount of blood pumped into the aorta
each minute. (units= mL/min)
Cardiac output- equation - CORRECT ANSWER ---(HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy adult= 4-8
L/min
Venous return - CORRECT ANSWER ---amount of blood flowing into the right heart from the
systemic ciruclation
, Blood Pressure- definition - CORRECT ANSWER ---force exerted by the blood against the walls of
the arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
Blood pressure- equation - CORRECT ANSWER ---(cardiac output) X (peripheral resistance) or
you could put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral Resistance)
An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be . - CORRECT
ANSWER---flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR
Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be . - CORRECT ANSWER ---spastic contractions.
Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, contributes an
additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. - CORRECT ANSWER ---atrial
kick
The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: - CORRECT ANSWER ---
Mediastinum
The inferior surface of the heart is formed by the - CORRECT ANSWER ---Right and left ventricles
Receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus - CORRECT
ANSWER ---The right atrium
The right ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER ---Pumps unoxygenated blood into the pulmonary
circulation
The pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium, which is also the outer layer of the
heart wall called the . - CORRECT ANSWER ---Visceral, epicardium
ANSWERS 2025/2026 RATED A+
Chronotropic - CORRECT ANSWER ---heart rate
Inotropic - CORRECT ANSWER ---force of myocardial contractility
Dromotropic - CORRECT ANSWER ---conduction velocity through the AV node
Systole - CORRECT ANSWER ---contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure rises
during systole.
Diastole - CORRECT ANSWER ---rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill. Pressure
falls during diastole.
Stroke Volume - CORRECT ANSWER ---the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each beat.
(mL/beat)
Cardiac output- definition - CORRECT ANSWER ---The amount of blood pumped into the aorta
each minute. (units= mL/min)
Cardiac output- equation - CORRECT ANSWER ---(HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy adult= 4-8
L/min
Venous return - CORRECT ANSWER ---amount of blood flowing into the right heart from the
systemic ciruclation
, Blood Pressure- definition - CORRECT ANSWER ---force exerted by the blood against the walls of
the arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
Blood pressure- equation - CORRECT ANSWER ---(cardiac output) X (peripheral resistance) or
you could put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral Resistance)
An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be . - CORRECT
ANSWER---flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR
Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be . - CORRECT ANSWER ---spastic contractions.
Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, contributes an
additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. - CORRECT ANSWER ---atrial
kick
The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: - CORRECT ANSWER ---
Mediastinum
The inferior surface of the heart is formed by the - CORRECT ANSWER ---Right and left ventricles
Receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus - CORRECT
ANSWER ---The right atrium
The right ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER ---Pumps unoxygenated blood into the pulmonary
circulation
The pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium, which is also the outer layer of the
heart wall called the . - CORRECT ANSWER ---Visceral, epicardium
