GMS 6121 CERTIFICATION EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2026
▶ what are the major organs of the respiratory system. Answer: nasal
cavities, sinuses, larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs, alveoli
▶ what are the major functions of the respiratory system. Answer: delivers
air to alveoli
provides oxygen to bloodstream
remove carbon dioxide
produce sounds for communication
▶ which side of the lung has 3 lobes?. Answer: the right lung
▶ why can we not hold our breath for a long time. Answer: brain peripheral
control center sends CO2 level and moves diaphragm overriding voluntary
control
▶ what are the major organs of the renal/urinary system. Answer: kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
▶ what are the major functions of the renal and urinary system. Answer:
excrete waste products
control water balance
store urine until votary excretion
regulate blood ion concentrations and pH
▶ what are the main components to look for in urine. Answer: glucose
protein
blood
,leukocytes
ketones
pH
urea
▶ how does blood get into and out of kidney. Answer: renal artery into
kidney
renal vein out of kidney
▶ what is the main function of the kidneys. Answer: excrete waste
▶ how much blood is filtered through the kidneys per minute. Answer: 1.2
L/minute
▶ how much blood is filtered through the kidneys per day. Answer: 170
L/day
▶ how much urine is produced per day. Answer: 1.5 L/day
▶ what is the basic structural unit of the kidney. Answer: the nephron
▶ what makes up the urinary space in the kidneys. Answer: bowman's
capsule
proximal tubule
loop of henle
distal tubule
collecting duct
▶ how are fluids carried through the nephron in the kidneys. Answer:
afferent arteriole
capillaries
efferent arteriole
▶ what hormone does the kidney produce. Answer: erythropoietin, which
produces red blood cells
▶ what happens in renal failure. Answer: erythropoietin not produced, so
lower RBC count
, ▶ what are the major organs of the endocrine system. Answer: pituitary
gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
adrenal glands
gonads
▶ what are the major functions of the endocrine system. Answer: direct
long-term changes in other organ systems
adjust metabolic activities & energy use
control structural/functional changes during development
▶ what hormone is produced by the pituitary gland. Answer: growth
hormone
stimulates growth
affects liver, muscle, bone, cartilage
▶ what hormone is produced in the thyroid gland. Answer: thyroid
hormone
maintains metabolism, regulates BP, promotes normal development
affects body cells
▶ what hormone is produced by the adrenal gland. Answer: cortisol
resists stress, mobilizes fat for energy, depresses inflammatory response
affects body cells
▶ what hormone is produced in the pancreas. Answer: insulin
lowers blood sugar levels, absorbs glucose for storage
produced by beta cells
affects body cells
▶ what hormone is produced in the stomach. Answer: gastrin
secreted in response to food, stimulates production of hydrochloric acid to
break down food
affects stomach
▶ what hormone is produced in the kidney. Answer: erythropoietin
produces RBCs
affects bone marrow
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2026
▶ what are the major organs of the respiratory system. Answer: nasal
cavities, sinuses, larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs, alveoli
▶ what are the major functions of the respiratory system. Answer: delivers
air to alveoli
provides oxygen to bloodstream
remove carbon dioxide
produce sounds for communication
▶ which side of the lung has 3 lobes?. Answer: the right lung
▶ why can we not hold our breath for a long time. Answer: brain peripheral
control center sends CO2 level and moves diaphragm overriding voluntary
control
▶ what are the major organs of the renal/urinary system. Answer: kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
▶ what are the major functions of the renal and urinary system. Answer:
excrete waste products
control water balance
store urine until votary excretion
regulate blood ion concentrations and pH
▶ what are the main components to look for in urine. Answer: glucose
protein
blood
,leukocytes
ketones
pH
urea
▶ how does blood get into and out of kidney. Answer: renal artery into
kidney
renal vein out of kidney
▶ what is the main function of the kidneys. Answer: excrete waste
▶ how much blood is filtered through the kidneys per minute. Answer: 1.2
L/minute
▶ how much blood is filtered through the kidneys per day. Answer: 170
L/day
▶ how much urine is produced per day. Answer: 1.5 L/day
▶ what is the basic structural unit of the kidney. Answer: the nephron
▶ what makes up the urinary space in the kidneys. Answer: bowman's
capsule
proximal tubule
loop of henle
distal tubule
collecting duct
▶ how are fluids carried through the nephron in the kidneys. Answer:
afferent arteriole
capillaries
efferent arteriole
▶ what hormone does the kidney produce. Answer: erythropoietin, which
produces red blood cells
▶ what happens in renal failure. Answer: erythropoietin not produced, so
lower RBC count
, ▶ what are the major organs of the endocrine system. Answer: pituitary
gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
adrenal glands
gonads
▶ what are the major functions of the endocrine system. Answer: direct
long-term changes in other organ systems
adjust metabolic activities & energy use
control structural/functional changes during development
▶ what hormone is produced by the pituitary gland. Answer: growth
hormone
stimulates growth
affects liver, muscle, bone, cartilage
▶ what hormone is produced in the thyroid gland. Answer: thyroid
hormone
maintains metabolism, regulates BP, promotes normal development
affects body cells
▶ what hormone is produced by the adrenal gland. Answer: cortisol
resists stress, mobilizes fat for energy, depresses inflammatory response
affects body cells
▶ what hormone is produced in the pancreas. Answer: insulin
lowers blood sugar levels, absorbs glucose for storage
produced by beta cells
affects body cells
▶ what hormone is produced in the stomach. Answer: gastrin
secreted in response to food, stimulates production of hydrochloric acid to
break down food
affects stomach
▶ what hormone is produced in the kidney. Answer: erythropoietin
produces RBCs
affects bone marrow
