GMS 6474 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE 2026
▶ what is mostly in control of blood pressure: PSNS or SNS. Answer:
sympathetic nervous system
▶ what neurotransmitter do both the SNS and PSNS use to act on the
nicotinic receptors in the ganglia. Answer: acetylcholine
▶ what neurotransmitter do PSNS post ganglions release and what
receptor do they effect. Answer: acetylcholine
muscarinic receptors
▶ what neurotransmitter do SNS post ganglions release and what receptor
do they effect. Answer: norepinephrine
alpha or beta adrenergic receptors
▶ what neurotransmitter does the adrenal medulla release into the
bloodstream. Answer: norepinephrine
epinephrine
▶ what do adrenergic alpha receptors do. Answer: responsible for
contractile effects of norepinephrine/epinephrine (blood vessels, urogenital,
sphincters)
▶ what do adrenergic beta receptors do. Answer: beta 1: stimulatory
effects of NE/E in heart, increase heart rate and contractility
beta 2: relaxing effects (more E than NE) in GI tract, urogenital system,
airway, blood vessels, decrease HR and contractility
▶ what do autonomic reflexes require. Answer: receptors to detect
changes
afferent neurons to carry info from receptors to CNS
AND COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE 2026
▶ what is mostly in control of blood pressure: PSNS or SNS. Answer:
sympathetic nervous system
▶ what neurotransmitter do both the SNS and PSNS use to act on the
nicotinic receptors in the ganglia. Answer: acetylcholine
▶ what neurotransmitter do PSNS post ganglions release and what
receptor do they effect. Answer: acetylcholine
muscarinic receptors
▶ what neurotransmitter do SNS post ganglions release and what receptor
do they effect. Answer: norepinephrine
alpha or beta adrenergic receptors
▶ what neurotransmitter does the adrenal medulla release into the
bloodstream. Answer: norepinephrine
epinephrine
▶ what do adrenergic alpha receptors do. Answer: responsible for
contractile effects of norepinephrine/epinephrine (blood vessels, urogenital,
sphincters)
▶ what do adrenergic beta receptors do. Answer: beta 1: stimulatory
effects of NE/E in heart, increase heart rate and contractility
beta 2: relaxing effects (more E than NE) in GI tract, urogenital system,
airway, blood vessels, decrease HR and contractility
▶ what do autonomic reflexes require. Answer: receptors to detect
changes
afferent neurons to carry info from receptors to CNS
