GMS 6504 EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS 2026
▶ what are the major organs of the cardiovascular system. Answer: heart
blood
blood vessels
▶ what are the functions of the cardiovascular system. Answer: distribute
blood cells, water, dissolved materials like waste, nutrients, oxygen, CO2
distribute heat to control body temp.
▶ what are the four most common spots to feel the pulse in the body.
Answer: brachial artery
radial artery
common carotid artery
superficial temporal artery
▶ where is the heart located in the body. Answer: inside thoracic cavity
protected by ribs
▶ how does blood flow through the heart. Answer: starts in right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary artery
lungs to get oxygen
pulmonary vein
left atrium
bicuspid/mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve to aorta
body
▶ what is the smallest type of vessel in the body. Answer: capillaries
▶ what happens when there is reduced coronary artery blood flow.
Answer: heart attack
,▶ what are the two types of heart attacks. Answer: angina pectoris
myocardial infarction (more common)
▶ when a pacemaker is placed in the body, where is it located. Answer:
right atrium to right ventricle
▶ what are the major organs of the respiratory system. Answer: nasal
cavities, sinuses, larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs, alveoli
▶ what are the major functions of the respiratory system. Answer: delivers
air to alveoli
provides oxygen to bloodstream
remove carbon dioxide
produce sounds for communication
▶ which side of the lung has 3 lobes?. Answer: the right lung
▶ why can we not hold our breath for a long time. Answer: brain peripheral
control center sends CO2 level and moves diaphragm overriding voluntary
control
▶ what are the major organs of the renal/urinary system. Answer: kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
▶ what are the major functions of the renal and urinary system. Answer:
excrete waste products
control water balance
store urine until votary excretion
regulate blood ion concentrations and pH
▶ what are the main components to look for in urine. Answer: glucose
protein
blood
leukocytes
ketones
, pH
urea
▶ how does blood get into and out of kidney. Answer: renal artery into
kidney
renal vein out of kidney
▶ what is the main function of the kidneys. Answer: excrete waste
▶ how much blood is filtered through the kidneys per minute. Answer: 1.2
L/minute
▶ how much blood is filtered through the kidneys per day. Answer: 170
L/day
▶ how much urine is produced per day. Answer: 1.5 L/day
▶ what is the basic structural unit of the kidney. Answer: the nephron
▶ what makes up the urinary space in the kidneys. Answer: bowman's
capsule
proximal tubule
loop of henle
distal tubule
collecting duct
▶ how are fluids carried through the nephron in the kidneys. Answer:
afferent arteriole
capillaries
efferent arteriole
▶ what hormone does the kidney produce. Answer: erythropoietin, which
produces red blood cells
▶ what happens in renal failure. Answer: erythropoietin not produced, so
lower RBC count
▶ what are the major organs of the endocrine system. Answer: pituitary
gland
thyroid gland
WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS 2026
▶ what are the major organs of the cardiovascular system. Answer: heart
blood
blood vessels
▶ what are the functions of the cardiovascular system. Answer: distribute
blood cells, water, dissolved materials like waste, nutrients, oxygen, CO2
distribute heat to control body temp.
▶ what are the four most common spots to feel the pulse in the body.
Answer: brachial artery
radial artery
common carotid artery
superficial temporal artery
▶ where is the heart located in the body. Answer: inside thoracic cavity
protected by ribs
▶ how does blood flow through the heart. Answer: starts in right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary artery
lungs to get oxygen
pulmonary vein
left atrium
bicuspid/mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve to aorta
body
▶ what is the smallest type of vessel in the body. Answer: capillaries
▶ what happens when there is reduced coronary artery blood flow.
Answer: heart attack
,▶ what are the two types of heart attacks. Answer: angina pectoris
myocardial infarction (more common)
▶ when a pacemaker is placed in the body, where is it located. Answer:
right atrium to right ventricle
▶ what are the major organs of the respiratory system. Answer: nasal
cavities, sinuses, larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs, alveoli
▶ what are the major functions of the respiratory system. Answer: delivers
air to alveoli
provides oxygen to bloodstream
remove carbon dioxide
produce sounds for communication
▶ which side of the lung has 3 lobes?. Answer: the right lung
▶ why can we not hold our breath for a long time. Answer: brain peripheral
control center sends CO2 level and moves diaphragm overriding voluntary
control
▶ what are the major organs of the renal/urinary system. Answer: kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
▶ what are the major functions of the renal and urinary system. Answer:
excrete waste products
control water balance
store urine until votary excretion
regulate blood ion concentrations and pH
▶ what are the main components to look for in urine. Answer: glucose
protein
blood
leukocytes
ketones
, pH
urea
▶ how does blood get into and out of kidney. Answer: renal artery into
kidney
renal vein out of kidney
▶ what is the main function of the kidneys. Answer: excrete waste
▶ how much blood is filtered through the kidneys per minute. Answer: 1.2
L/minute
▶ how much blood is filtered through the kidneys per day. Answer: 170
L/day
▶ how much urine is produced per day. Answer: 1.5 L/day
▶ what is the basic structural unit of the kidney. Answer: the nephron
▶ what makes up the urinary space in the kidneys. Answer: bowman's
capsule
proximal tubule
loop of henle
distal tubule
collecting duct
▶ how are fluids carried through the nephron in the kidneys. Answer:
afferent arteriole
capillaries
efferent arteriole
▶ what hormone does the kidney produce. Answer: erythropoietin, which
produces red blood cells
▶ what happens in renal failure. Answer: erythropoietin not produced, so
lower RBC count
▶ what are the major organs of the endocrine system. Answer: pituitary
gland
thyroid gland
