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Subjective data is best defined as:
A. Measurable clinical findings
B. Observed physical signs
C. Client-reported information
D. Laboratory values
Answer: C
Rationale: Subjective data is what the client reports (symptoms, feelings, history). Objective
data is what the nurse observes or measures.
Which sequence reflects correct general physical assessment order?
A. Palpation–Inspection–Percussion–Auscultation
B. Inspection–Palpation–Percussion–Auscultation
C. Auscultation–Inspection–Percussion–Palpation
D. Percussion–Inspection–Auscultation–Palpation
Answer: B
Rationale: Inspection always comes first, followed by palpation, percussion, and
auscultation.
During abdominal assessment, the correct order is:
A. Palpation–Auscultation–Percussion–Inspection
B. Inspection–Palpation–Percussion–Auscultation
C. Inspection–Auscultation–Percussion–Palpation
D. Auscultation–Inspection–Palpation–Percussion
Answer: C
Rationale: Auscultation is done before palpation and percussion to avoid altering bowel
sounds.
Which technique assesses skin temperature most accurately?
,A. Fingertips
B. Dorsum of hand
C. Palm
D. Thumb
Answer: B
Rationale: The back (dorsum) of the hand is most sensitive to temperature changes.
Deep palpation is performed at what depth?
A. 0–1 cm
B. 1–2 cm
C. 2–3 inches (5–8 cm)
D. 10 cm
Answer: C
Rationale: Deep palpation reaches 2–3 inches into body tissues.
Percussion produces which types of sounds?
A. Wheezes and crackles
B. Tympany, dullness, resonance
C. Murmurs and rubs
D. Stridor only
Answer: B
Rationale: Percussion differentiates tissue density using sound.
Which instrument is used for low-pitched heart sounds?
A. Diaphragm
B. Otoscope
C. Bell
D. Tuning fork
Answer: C
Rationale: The bell detects low-frequency sounds like murmurs.
Inspection should always be:
,A. Last
B. Combined with percussion only
C. First
D. Optional
Answer: C
Rationale: Inspection is always the first assessment technique.
Which is part of a general survey?
A. Laboratory results
B. Vital signs only
C. Appearance, behavior, mobility
D. Imaging studies
Answer: C
Rationale: General survey includes appearance, behavior, and body structure.
A normal BMI finding indicates:
A. Severe obesity
B. Weight imbalance
C. Weight within expected range
D. Malnutrition always
Answer: C
Rationale: BMI within guidelines indicates normal weight status.
Head circumference is measured from:
A. Birth to 18 months
B. Birth to 36 months
C. 3–5 years
D. Adults only
Answer: B
Rationale: Head circumference is tracked until 3 years of age.
Chest circumference is measured at:
, A. Waistline
B. Nipple line
C. Abdomen
D. Shoulder line
Answer: B
Rationale: Standard measurement is at the nipple line.
Normal newborn fontanel closure time for anterior fontanel is:
A. 1–2 months
B. 6 months
C. 9 months–2 years
D. 5 years
Answer: C
Rationale: The anterior fontanel closes between 9 months and 2 years.
Correct ear assessment in adults requires pulling auricle:
A. Down and back
B. Up and back
C. Straight forward
D. No manipulation
Answer: B
Rationale: Adults require upward and backward positioning.
Normal tympanic membrane appearance is:
A. Red and bulging
B. Gray and opaque
C. Pearly gray and translucent
D. Yellow and thick
Answer: C
Rationale: A healthy eardrum is pearly gray and translucent.
Conductive hearing loss involves: