ASU BIO 181 FINAL EXAM
Blood pressure vs blood velocity changes along the circulatory system. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Flow = Velocity x Area
Optimal exchange can take place across capillaries (velocity and pressure
decrease)
Causes a drop in blood pressure in capillaries
Blood pressure versus osmotic pressure at the level of capillaries; how changes
in the pressure of
blood or protein concentrations may affect the movement of water across the
capillaries. - CORRECT ANSWER-Osmotic pressure is the pressure what would
have to be applied to a solvent to prevent it form passing into a solution by
osmosis.
Structural differences between arteries, veins, capillaries - CORRECT
ANSWER-Arteries: Thick muscular walls, small lumen, pushes blood along by
contraction (pulse)
Veins: Have valves to prevent the back flow of blood, thinner walls, wider lumen
Capillaries: One cell thick, smaller than veins and arteries, don't have valves or
muscular walls
Kinetic vs potential energy - CORRECT ANSWER-Potential: stored energy
(mountain rock, chemical bonds, concentration gradients)
Kinetic: energy of movement (heat)
Positive vs negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER-Negative: most common,
results in reversal towards the set point
Positive: less common, results in amplification, further away from the set point
Difference between ventilation and gas exchange - CORRECT
ANSWER-Ventilation: provision of air/water (from atmosphere to lungs and vise
versa)
Gas exchange: made up of ventilation and perfusion surfaces, the amount of gas
present is important
,What is partial pressure of a gas in the atmospheric air, lungs, or blood. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Partial pressure of a gas is pressure a single gas exerts in
a mixture of gases.
Understand the Fick equation/law of diffusion (parameters in the equation; and
their importance in
affecting the diffusion of gases) - CORRECT ANSWER-Fick's law of diffusion
applies to all gas exchange systems
Q=DA(P1-P2)/L
Q= RATE OF DIFFUSION
D= DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT
A= CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA WHERE DIFFUSION OCCURS
P1 AND P2= PARTIAL PRESSURES OF THE GAS AT TWO LOCATIONS
L= PATH LENGTH BETWEEN LOCATIONS
*gas exchange in water is hard
Hormones produced by the hypothalamus/anterior and posterior pituitary gland
and their function - CORRECT ANSWER-"stress hormone"
*decreases use of glucose in tissues, increases use of fat and protein
*increases glucose production in the liver
,Bio 181 ASU exam 3 Questions & Answers
2024
T or F: Potassium ions are at high concentrations inside of cells, including neurons -
CORRECT ANSWER-True
The action potential is a result of: - CORRECT ANSWER-the movement of ions
The post-synaptic cell can be: - CORRECT ANSWER-in glands, muscle cells and
neurons
Th resting potential of a neuron is - CORRECT ANSWER--60mV
T or F: The cell body refers to the part of the neurons that begin at the dendrites and
extend to the axon terminal - CORRECT ANSWER-false
T or F: Voltage gated ion channels open when a protein binds to the receptor -
CORRECT ANSWER-false
T or F: Excitatory synapses cause hyperpolarization of post-synaptic cells - CORRECT
ANSWER-false
T or F: Acetylcholinesterase breaks acetylcholine into muscarinic acid - CORRECT
ANSWER-false
In the motor end plate, the event that is the immediate trigger for exocytosis is -
CORRECT ANSWER-calcium ions
T or F: Fast Neurons as described in lecture require cytoplasmic signal transduction to
open an ion channel. - CORRECT ANSWER-False
T or F: Only pre-synaptic neurons are coated with myelin. - CORRECT ANSWER-False
T or F: When the presynaptic cell contacts a muscle cell, the synapse area is called a
motor end plate. - CORRECT ANSWER-True
T or F: Receptors are made from membrane-bound polyribosomes. - CORRECT
ANSWER-True
, The terminal web: - CORRECT ANSWER-is a site of exocytosis
T or F: Excitatory synapses cause depolarization of the post-synaptic cell - CORRECT
ANSWER-True
T or F: The membrane potential (resting potential) is largely set by the Na-K- ATPase
pump. - CORRECT ANSWER-true
The neural tissues are: - CORRECT ANSWER-spinal cord, sensory neurons and brain
T or F: the axon from a pre-synaptic cell contacts the axon of another neuron -
CORRECT ANSWER-false
T or F: The receptors in post-synaptic cells are the basis on which the synapse can be
defined as inhibitory or excitatory - CORRECT ANSWER-false
4 types of glial cells - CORRECT ANSWER-schwann, oligodendrocytes, astrocytess
and microglia
T or F: The axon hillock in the pre-synaptic neuron fires based on temporal and spatial
summation of inputs - CORRECT ANSWER-true
The central nervous contains - CORRECT ANSWER-spinal column and brain
T or F: Acetylcholine exocytosed from the presynaptic cell travels to the postsynaptic
cell to start the action potential in the postsynaptic cell. - CORRECT ANSWER-true
T or F: Fast neurons as described in lecture are fast because they are surrounded by a
type of glial cell that results in a myelin coating. - CORRECT ANSWER-false
T or F: Insulin is a ligand - CORRECT ANSWER-true
T or F: Vitamin D causes the parathyroid to inhibit new PTH synthesis - CORRECT
ANSWER-true
T or F: When the Sympathetic nervous system is triggered glycogen is broken down to
glucose to provide more energy. - CORRECT ANSWER-true
T or F: Insulin is produced by alpha cells - CORRECT ANSWER-false, beta cells
Blood pressure vs blood velocity changes along the circulatory system. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Flow = Velocity x Area
Optimal exchange can take place across capillaries (velocity and pressure
decrease)
Causes a drop in blood pressure in capillaries
Blood pressure versus osmotic pressure at the level of capillaries; how changes
in the pressure of
blood or protein concentrations may affect the movement of water across the
capillaries. - CORRECT ANSWER-Osmotic pressure is the pressure what would
have to be applied to a solvent to prevent it form passing into a solution by
osmosis.
Structural differences between arteries, veins, capillaries - CORRECT
ANSWER-Arteries: Thick muscular walls, small lumen, pushes blood along by
contraction (pulse)
Veins: Have valves to prevent the back flow of blood, thinner walls, wider lumen
Capillaries: One cell thick, smaller than veins and arteries, don't have valves or
muscular walls
Kinetic vs potential energy - CORRECT ANSWER-Potential: stored energy
(mountain rock, chemical bonds, concentration gradients)
Kinetic: energy of movement (heat)
Positive vs negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER-Negative: most common,
results in reversal towards the set point
Positive: less common, results in amplification, further away from the set point
Difference between ventilation and gas exchange - CORRECT
ANSWER-Ventilation: provision of air/water (from atmosphere to lungs and vise
versa)
Gas exchange: made up of ventilation and perfusion surfaces, the amount of gas
present is important
,What is partial pressure of a gas in the atmospheric air, lungs, or blood. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Partial pressure of a gas is pressure a single gas exerts in
a mixture of gases.
Understand the Fick equation/law of diffusion (parameters in the equation; and
their importance in
affecting the diffusion of gases) - CORRECT ANSWER-Fick's law of diffusion
applies to all gas exchange systems
Q=DA(P1-P2)/L
Q= RATE OF DIFFUSION
D= DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT
A= CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA WHERE DIFFUSION OCCURS
P1 AND P2= PARTIAL PRESSURES OF THE GAS AT TWO LOCATIONS
L= PATH LENGTH BETWEEN LOCATIONS
*gas exchange in water is hard
Hormones produced by the hypothalamus/anterior and posterior pituitary gland
and their function - CORRECT ANSWER-"stress hormone"
*decreases use of glucose in tissues, increases use of fat and protein
*increases glucose production in the liver
,Bio 181 ASU exam 3 Questions & Answers
2024
T or F: Potassium ions are at high concentrations inside of cells, including neurons -
CORRECT ANSWER-True
The action potential is a result of: - CORRECT ANSWER-the movement of ions
The post-synaptic cell can be: - CORRECT ANSWER-in glands, muscle cells and
neurons
Th resting potential of a neuron is - CORRECT ANSWER--60mV
T or F: The cell body refers to the part of the neurons that begin at the dendrites and
extend to the axon terminal - CORRECT ANSWER-false
T or F: Voltage gated ion channels open when a protein binds to the receptor -
CORRECT ANSWER-false
T or F: Excitatory synapses cause hyperpolarization of post-synaptic cells - CORRECT
ANSWER-false
T or F: Acetylcholinesterase breaks acetylcholine into muscarinic acid - CORRECT
ANSWER-false
In the motor end plate, the event that is the immediate trigger for exocytosis is -
CORRECT ANSWER-calcium ions
T or F: Fast Neurons as described in lecture require cytoplasmic signal transduction to
open an ion channel. - CORRECT ANSWER-False
T or F: Only pre-synaptic neurons are coated with myelin. - CORRECT ANSWER-False
T or F: When the presynaptic cell contacts a muscle cell, the synapse area is called a
motor end plate. - CORRECT ANSWER-True
T or F: Receptors are made from membrane-bound polyribosomes. - CORRECT
ANSWER-True
, The terminal web: - CORRECT ANSWER-is a site of exocytosis
T or F: Excitatory synapses cause depolarization of the post-synaptic cell - CORRECT
ANSWER-True
T or F: The membrane potential (resting potential) is largely set by the Na-K- ATPase
pump. - CORRECT ANSWER-true
The neural tissues are: - CORRECT ANSWER-spinal cord, sensory neurons and brain
T or F: the axon from a pre-synaptic cell contacts the axon of another neuron -
CORRECT ANSWER-false
T or F: The receptors in post-synaptic cells are the basis on which the synapse can be
defined as inhibitory or excitatory - CORRECT ANSWER-false
4 types of glial cells - CORRECT ANSWER-schwann, oligodendrocytes, astrocytess
and microglia
T or F: The axon hillock in the pre-synaptic neuron fires based on temporal and spatial
summation of inputs - CORRECT ANSWER-true
The central nervous contains - CORRECT ANSWER-spinal column and brain
T or F: Acetylcholine exocytosed from the presynaptic cell travels to the postsynaptic
cell to start the action potential in the postsynaptic cell. - CORRECT ANSWER-true
T or F: Fast neurons as described in lecture are fast because they are surrounded by a
type of glial cell that results in a myelin coating. - CORRECT ANSWER-false
T or F: Insulin is a ligand - CORRECT ANSWER-true
T or F: Vitamin D causes the parathyroid to inhibit new PTH synthesis - CORRECT
ANSWER-true
T or F: When the Sympathetic nervous system is triggered glycogen is broken down to
glucose to provide more energy. - CORRECT ANSWER-true
T or F: Insulin is produced by alpha cells - CORRECT ANSWER-false, beta cells
