PNB 2265 Exam 2- Questions and Answers | 2026
UPDATED | 100% CORRECT
Integrated meal response
path of food from mouth to rectum
Integrated meal response phases
cephalic
gastric
intestinal
colonic
Two parts of GI tract
alimentary canal
accessory organs
Alimentary canal
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestines
large intestines
rectum
Accessory organs of GI trac
,salivary glands
liver
pancreas
gallbladder
Peritoneum
serous membrane that surrounds GI system that is different from others bc it folds in on itself
and btwn the folds are fat deposits
-made of parietal and visceral with peritoneal fluid between
Parietal peritoneum
layer of serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
Visceral peritoneum
layer of serous membrane that covers the surface of organs
Order of tissue layers in GI tract (wall to lumen)
serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa
Serosa
outer layer of tube that is connective tissue wrapper that holds things together, protects them, and
is site of attachment
,Muscularis externa
smooth muscle layer that has two layers, one longitudinal outer layer and one circular inner layer
with a myenteric plexis layer btwn
Muscularis externa layers (lumen to outer)
circular layer
myenteric plexis
Longitudinal layer
Myenteric plexis
nerve tissue layer btwn the layers of the muscularis externa that controls smooth muscle
contraction and is under involuntary control by parasympathetic stimulation
Longitudinal layer muscularis externa
outer layer that gives you contractions that will make the tube shorter or longer (controls length)
Circular layer muscularis externa
inner layer that controls radius of the tube
Submucosa
loose connective tissue that binds things together. Has large blood vessels, large lymphatic
vessels (galt), and nerves
Galt
submucosa (gut) associated lymphatic tissue that has a lot of immune cells since this is a point of
entry for pathogens
, Mucosa layers
muscularis mucosae
lamino propria
epithelium layer
Muscularis mucosae
mucosa layer that is the muscle part that shapes the surface of the mucosal layer
Lamina propria
connective tissue mucosal layer with tiny vessels (capillaries) and small lymphatic vessels
Epithelium layer (mucosa)
mucosa layer closest to lumen that has specializations depending on where in the GI tract
-has enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and mucin-producing cells
Submucosal plexus
nerves in the submucosa layer
Enterodendocrine cells
secretory cells in epithelia of mucosa
Enterocytes
cells that do absorption in epithelia of mucosa
Mucin-producing cells
mucous producing cells in epithelia of mucosa
UPDATED | 100% CORRECT
Integrated meal response
path of food from mouth to rectum
Integrated meal response phases
cephalic
gastric
intestinal
colonic
Two parts of GI tract
alimentary canal
accessory organs
Alimentary canal
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestines
large intestines
rectum
Accessory organs of GI trac
,salivary glands
liver
pancreas
gallbladder
Peritoneum
serous membrane that surrounds GI system that is different from others bc it folds in on itself
and btwn the folds are fat deposits
-made of parietal and visceral with peritoneal fluid between
Parietal peritoneum
layer of serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
Visceral peritoneum
layer of serous membrane that covers the surface of organs
Order of tissue layers in GI tract (wall to lumen)
serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa
Serosa
outer layer of tube that is connective tissue wrapper that holds things together, protects them, and
is site of attachment
,Muscularis externa
smooth muscle layer that has two layers, one longitudinal outer layer and one circular inner layer
with a myenteric plexis layer btwn
Muscularis externa layers (lumen to outer)
circular layer
myenteric plexis
Longitudinal layer
Myenteric plexis
nerve tissue layer btwn the layers of the muscularis externa that controls smooth muscle
contraction and is under involuntary control by parasympathetic stimulation
Longitudinal layer muscularis externa
outer layer that gives you contractions that will make the tube shorter or longer (controls length)
Circular layer muscularis externa
inner layer that controls radius of the tube
Submucosa
loose connective tissue that binds things together. Has large blood vessels, large lymphatic
vessels (galt), and nerves
Galt
submucosa (gut) associated lymphatic tissue that has a lot of immune cells since this is a point of
entry for pathogens
, Mucosa layers
muscularis mucosae
lamino propria
epithelium layer
Muscularis mucosae
mucosa layer that is the muscle part that shapes the surface of the mucosal layer
Lamina propria
connective tissue mucosal layer with tiny vessels (capillaries) and small lymphatic vessels
Epithelium layer (mucosa)
mucosa layer closest to lumen that has specializations depending on where in the GI tract
-has enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and mucin-producing cells
Submucosal plexus
nerves in the submucosa layer
Enterodendocrine cells
secretory cells in epithelia of mucosa
Enterocytes
cells that do absorption in epithelia of mucosa
Mucin-producing cells
mucous producing cells in epithelia of mucosa
