Page 1 of 166
NURS 612 EXAM / NURS 612 EXAM 2
LATEST 2026/2027 (cardiovascular,
respiratory and peripheral arterial disease)
ACCURATE EXAM COMPLETE ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS |GUARANTEED PASS A+|
MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY
Question 1
A 68-year-old male with hypertension presents with dyspnea
on exertion, orthopnea, and bilateral lower extremity edema.
On auscultation, you hear an S3 gallop. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
,Page 2 of 166
• A) Pericarditis
• B) Acute mitral regurgitation
• C) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
• D) Aortic stenosis
Rationale: S3 gallop indicates increased left ventricular filling
pressure, classic for HFrEF. Orthopnea and edema support
volume overload.
Question 2
Which medication class is first-line for HFrEF to reduce
mortality?
• A) Loop diuretics
• B) Calcium channel blockers
• C) Beta-blockers (carvedilol, metoprolol succinate)
• D) Digoxin
,Page 3 of 166
Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce sympathetic tone, reverse
remodeling, and lower mortality in HFrEF per ACC/AHA
guidelines.
Question 3
A patient with HFpEF is likely to have which finding on
echocardiogram?
• A) LVEF < 40%
• B) LVEF ≥ 50% with diastolic dysfunction
• C) Severe mitral stenosis
• D) Dilated left ventricle
Rationale: HFpEF requires LVEF ≥50% with evidence of
diastolic dysfunction (e.g., elevated E/e' ratio).
Question 4
A 72-year-old woman with HFrEF reports worsening fatigue
and weight gain over 1 week. Jugular venous pressure (JVP) is
elevated at 12 cm H2O. What is the next best step?
, Page 4 of 166
• A) Increase beta-blocker dose
• B) Administer intravenous furosemide
• C) Order an echocardiogram
• D) Start spironolactone
Rationale: Acute decompensated HF with volume overload
requires loop diuretics first.
Question 5
Which of the following is a poor prognostic sign in heart
failure?
• A) S4 gallop
• B) Hyponatremia
• C) First-degree heart block
• D) Mild ankle edema
Rationale: Hyponatremia in HF indicates advanced disease,
neurohormonal activation, and worse outcomes.
NURS 612 EXAM / NURS 612 EXAM 2
LATEST 2026/2027 (cardiovascular,
respiratory and peripheral arterial disease)
ACCURATE EXAM COMPLETE ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS |GUARANTEED PASS A+|
MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY
Question 1
A 68-year-old male with hypertension presents with dyspnea
on exertion, orthopnea, and bilateral lower extremity edema.
On auscultation, you hear an S3 gallop. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
,Page 2 of 166
• A) Pericarditis
• B) Acute mitral regurgitation
• C) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
• D) Aortic stenosis
Rationale: S3 gallop indicates increased left ventricular filling
pressure, classic for HFrEF. Orthopnea and edema support
volume overload.
Question 2
Which medication class is first-line for HFrEF to reduce
mortality?
• A) Loop diuretics
• B) Calcium channel blockers
• C) Beta-blockers (carvedilol, metoprolol succinate)
• D) Digoxin
,Page 3 of 166
Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce sympathetic tone, reverse
remodeling, and lower mortality in HFrEF per ACC/AHA
guidelines.
Question 3
A patient with HFpEF is likely to have which finding on
echocardiogram?
• A) LVEF < 40%
• B) LVEF ≥ 50% with diastolic dysfunction
• C) Severe mitral stenosis
• D) Dilated left ventricle
Rationale: HFpEF requires LVEF ≥50% with evidence of
diastolic dysfunction (e.g., elevated E/e' ratio).
Question 4
A 72-year-old woman with HFrEF reports worsening fatigue
and weight gain over 1 week. Jugular venous pressure (JVP) is
elevated at 12 cm H2O. What is the next best step?
, Page 4 of 166
• A) Increase beta-blocker dose
• B) Administer intravenous furosemide
• C) Order an echocardiogram
• D) Start spironolactone
Rationale: Acute decompensated HF with volume overload
requires loop diuretics first.
Question 5
Which of the following is a poor prognostic sign in heart
failure?
• A) S4 gallop
• B) Hyponatremia
• C) First-degree heart block
• D) Mild ankle edema
Rationale: Hyponatremia in HF indicates advanced disease,
neurohormonal activation, and worse outcomes.
