Page 1 of 209
PATHO 370 Final exam with correct
solutions
Question 1
A patient with chronic hypertension develops thickening of the
left ventricular wall. This is an example of:
A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Hypertrophy
D) Dysplasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size due to
increased workload. Chronic hypertension increases afterload
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on the left ventricle, causing cardiac myocytes to enlarge,
leading to wall thickening.
Question 2
Which type of cellular adaptation is most likely to occur in the
cervix of a long-term smoker?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Dysplasia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one
differentiated cell type with another. In smokers, the normal
columnar cervical epithelium changes to stratified squamous
epithelium as a protective response to chronic irritation.
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Question 3
A patient with chronic ischemia shows shrunken cells with
autophagic vacuoles on biopsy. This is characteristic of:
A) Necrosis
B) Apoptosis
C) Atrophy
D) Hypertrophy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Atrophy results from decreased workload, nutrition,
or blood supply, leading to reduced cell size. Autophagic
vacuoles contain digested cellular components, a hallmark of
atrophy.
Question 4
Which of the following is an example of pathologic
hyperplasia?
A) Breast enlargement during pregnancy
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B) Endometrial hyperplasia from excess estrogen
C) Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
D) Erythrocyte production at high altitude
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pathologic hyperplasia is abnormal cell
proliferation due to hormonal imbalance or chronic irritation.
Endometrial hyperplasia from unopposed estrogen can lead to
cancer.
Question 5
A patient with Barrett's esophagus has replacement of
squamous epithelium with columnar epithelium. This is:
A) Dysplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Hyperplasia
D) Anaplasia
PATHO 370 Final exam with correct
solutions
Question 1
A patient with chronic hypertension develops thickening of the
left ventricular wall. This is an example of:
A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Hypertrophy
D) Dysplasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size due to
increased workload. Chronic hypertension increases afterload
,Page 2 of 209
on the left ventricle, causing cardiac myocytes to enlarge,
leading to wall thickening.
Question 2
Which type of cellular adaptation is most likely to occur in the
cervix of a long-term smoker?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Dysplasia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one
differentiated cell type with another. In smokers, the normal
columnar cervical epithelium changes to stratified squamous
epithelium as a protective response to chronic irritation.
,Page 3 of 209
Question 3
A patient with chronic ischemia shows shrunken cells with
autophagic vacuoles on biopsy. This is characteristic of:
A) Necrosis
B) Apoptosis
C) Atrophy
D) Hypertrophy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Atrophy results from decreased workload, nutrition,
or blood supply, leading to reduced cell size. Autophagic
vacuoles contain digested cellular components, a hallmark of
atrophy.
Question 4
Which of the following is an example of pathologic
hyperplasia?
A) Breast enlargement during pregnancy
, Page 4 of 209
B) Endometrial hyperplasia from excess estrogen
C) Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
D) Erythrocyte production at high altitude
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pathologic hyperplasia is abnormal cell
proliferation due to hormonal imbalance or chronic irritation.
Endometrial hyperplasia from unopposed estrogen can lead to
cancer.
Question 5
A patient with Barrett's esophagus has replacement of
squamous epithelium with columnar epithelium. This is:
A) Dysplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Hyperplasia
D) Anaplasia
