NR-606 FiNal Exam QUESTiONS WiTH DETailED VERiFiED
aNSWERS (100% CORRECT aNSWERS) /alREaDY GRaDED + ||
paSS!!
What is the DSM-5 definition of ADHD? - ANSWER-A persistent pattern of selective attention and/or
hyperactivity and or impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. The patient should
usually have 6 or more symptoms of selective attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity for 6 months or
longer.
Symptoms interfere with social, academic, or occupational functioning
symptoms are present in two or more setting
What are some s/s of selective attention (refers to the ability to focus on specific information or stimuli
while actively filtering out irrelevant distractions, essentially choosing what to pay attention to) within
children with ADHD? - ANSWER-lack of attention to detail, carelesnessness, not listening, losing things,
diverting attention, forgetfulness.
What are some s/s of impulsivity? - ANSWER-Not waiting your turn, blurting things out, interrupting,
excessive talking
What are some s/s of hyperactivity? - ANSWER-trouble playing quietly, leaving ones set,
running/climbing, fidgeting
What are some s/s of lack of sustained attention? - ANSWER-poor problem solving, difficulty completing
tasks, disorganization, difficulty sustaining mental effort
When is ADHD usually diagnosed and what gender does it mainly affect? - ANSWER-It is diagnosed
within early childhood to adolescents.
ADHD has a 2:1 male to female ratio.
What is the DSM-5 for adjustment disorder? - ANSWER-Adjustment disorders occurs within 3 months of
the onset of a new stressor, with significant impairment in social or occupational functioning but do not
persist past 6 months after the initial stressor has resolved. Adjustment disorders are classified using
,specifiers with: depressed mood, anxiety, mixed anxiety and depressed mood, disturbance of conduct,
mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct
Remember, adjustments disorders do have specifiers, lets review! - ANSWER-
Low mood, tearfulness, or feelings of hopelessness are predominant. What specifier for adjustment d/o
is this?
Nervousness, worry, jitteriness, or separation anxiety is predominant.
A combination of depression and anxiety is predominant.
Disturbance of conduct is predominant. defiant, has been involved in fights, and has stolen property
Both emotional symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety) and a disturbance of conduct are predominant -
ANSWER-adjustment d/o with depressed mood
adjustment d/o with anxiety
adjustment d/o with mixed features
adjustment d/o with disturbance of conduct
adjustment d/o with mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct
What is the importance of early ADHD diagnosis and treatment? - ANSWER-ADHD symptoms may be
mild or so severe and persistent that they interfere with virtually all aspects of a person's life.
Without early identification and proper treatment, ADHD can cause disruptions in academic
performance, family stress, difficulties in social relationships, and accidental injuries.
,What are the lasting consequences of non-treatment of ADHD in children? - ANSWER-Children with
ADHD may experience delays in speech, motor, and social development. They often demonstrate
reduced behavioral inhibition, emotional dys-regulation or impulsivity, and negative emotionality. Some
children with ADHD have challenges with working memory.
ADHD typically presents with_________ IN EARLY CHILDHOOD. - ANSWER-HYPERACTIVITY
What is the difficult about diagnosing ADHD in children under the age of 4? - ANSWER-It can be hard to
distinguish actually ADHD symptoms from normal neurotypical children.
_______ FEATURES become more prominent in PRESCHOOL and ELEMENTARY school, which is when
ADHD is most often diagnosed. - ANSWER-Inattentive.
Young children can experience developmental delays and may engage in behaviors that are less mature
than their peers.
In adolescence, signs of hyperactivity become less common, but some adolescents experience a
worsening of the condition with development of _______ behaviors. - ANSWER-Anti-social
Teens with ADHD are at risk for poor academic performance, problems with driving, difficulties with
social situations, risky sexual behavior, and substance abuse.- Particularly untreated
As clients reach adolescence, hyperactive symptoms may decline and become less apparent to others,
but adolescents and adults with ADHD may still struggle with executive function, attention, and working
memory, which can create problems with day-to-day functioning, performance at work, and
relationships. - ANSWER-
How would you as a PMHNP screen or diagnose ADHD? - ANSWER-To make an informed diagnosis, it is
essential to gather data from multiple sources, including the client, parents, and teachers of children and
adolescents. Several instruments are available, either free or for a fee, to assist in diagnosis, as well as to
monitor changes in symptoms during treatment.
You can use the Vanderbilt scale- FREE
Connor Scale- not free
, What are some co-morbidities of ADHD? - ANSWER-Substance use disorder, depression, anxiety, OCD,
Bipolar
Common co-occurring conditions include learning disabilities, conduct disorders, tics, anxiety,
depression, and language disorders; adolescents are at increased risk of substance use disorders.
Consideration must be given to whether the presenting symptoms are attributed to ADHD, another
disorder, or to both disorders to make an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
How is treatment typically handled when a child has ADHD AND a co-existing mental health ailment? -
ANSWER-Children with co-occurring conditions are often treated first for ADHD and then for
comorbidities, as treating ADHD symptoms first may help reduce overall stress levels and provide a
clearer picture of the comorbid symptoms
What is the first-line treatment for ADHD? - ANSWER-A stimulant medication.
A non-stimulant is used if a stimulant is contraindicated or if a stimulant is not effective.
However remember that treatment of ADHD is multi-modal, often requiring medical, educational,
behavioral, and psychological intervention.
________ can help lower distractibility and improve attention, working memory, and impulsivity. -
ANSWER-Non-stimulants
How would you treat a patient who is having argumentative or oppositional symptoms? - ANSWER-A
combination of stimulants and non-stimulants can be used
What cardiac considerations should be considered before starting any patients on a stimulant? -
ANSWER-A cardiac workup should be completed.
An electrocardiogram (EKG) is required if cardiac history is present in a first-degree relative. (it can help
identify potential underlying heart conditions that could be adversely affected by the medication, even if
the patient appears healthy, as stimulants can slightly increase heart rate and blood pressure, potentially
causing complications in individuals with undiagnosed heart issues; this practice is recommended by the
American Heart Association (AHA) to prioritize patient safety. ) and ensure to document this.
aNSWERS (100% CORRECT aNSWERS) /alREaDY GRaDED + ||
paSS!!
What is the DSM-5 definition of ADHD? - ANSWER-A persistent pattern of selective attention and/or
hyperactivity and or impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. The patient should
usually have 6 or more symptoms of selective attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity for 6 months or
longer.
Symptoms interfere with social, academic, or occupational functioning
symptoms are present in two or more setting
What are some s/s of selective attention (refers to the ability to focus on specific information or stimuli
while actively filtering out irrelevant distractions, essentially choosing what to pay attention to) within
children with ADHD? - ANSWER-lack of attention to detail, carelesnessness, not listening, losing things,
diverting attention, forgetfulness.
What are some s/s of impulsivity? - ANSWER-Not waiting your turn, blurting things out, interrupting,
excessive talking
What are some s/s of hyperactivity? - ANSWER-trouble playing quietly, leaving ones set,
running/climbing, fidgeting
What are some s/s of lack of sustained attention? - ANSWER-poor problem solving, difficulty completing
tasks, disorganization, difficulty sustaining mental effort
When is ADHD usually diagnosed and what gender does it mainly affect? - ANSWER-It is diagnosed
within early childhood to adolescents.
ADHD has a 2:1 male to female ratio.
What is the DSM-5 for adjustment disorder? - ANSWER-Adjustment disorders occurs within 3 months of
the onset of a new stressor, with significant impairment in social or occupational functioning but do not
persist past 6 months after the initial stressor has resolved. Adjustment disorders are classified using
,specifiers with: depressed mood, anxiety, mixed anxiety and depressed mood, disturbance of conduct,
mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct
Remember, adjustments disorders do have specifiers, lets review! - ANSWER-
Low mood, tearfulness, or feelings of hopelessness are predominant. What specifier for adjustment d/o
is this?
Nervousness, worry, jitteriness, or separation anxiety is predominant.
A combination of depression and anxiety is predominant.
Disturbance of conduct is predominant. defiant, has been involved in fights, and has stolen property
Both emotional symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety) and a disturbance of conduct are predominant -
ANSWER-adjustment d/o with depressed mood
adjustment d/o with anxiety
adjustment d/o with mixed features
adjustment d/o with disturbance of conduct
adjustment d/o with mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct
What is the importance of early ADHD diagnosis and treatment? - ANSWER-ADHD symptoms may be
mild or so severe and persistent that they interfere with virtually all aspects of a person's life.
Without early identification and proper treatment, ADHD can cause disruptions in academic
performance, family stress, difficulties in social relationships, and accidental injuries.
,What are the lasting consequences of non-treatment of ADHD in children? - ANSWER-Children with
ADHD may experience delays in speech, motor, and social development. They often demonstrate
reduced behavioral inhibition, emotional dys-regulation or impulsivity, and negative emotionality. Some
children with ADHD have challenges with working memory.
ADHD typically presents with_________ IN EARLY CHILDHOOD. - ANSWER-HYPERACTIVITY
What is the difficult about diagnosing ADHD in children under the age of 4? - ANSWER-It can be hard to
distinguish actually ADHD symptoms from normal neurotypical children.
_______ FEATURES become more prominent in PRESCHOOL and ELEMENTARY school, which is when
ADHD is most often diagnosed. - ANSWER-Inattentive.
Young children can experience developmental delays and may engage in behaviors that are less mature
than their peers.
In adolescence, signs of hyperactivity become less common, but some adolescents experience a
worsening of the condition with development of _______ behaviors. - ANSWER-Anti-social
Teens with ADHD are at risk for poor academic performance, problems with driving, difficulties with
social situations, risky sexual behavior, and substance abuse.- Particularly untreated
As clients reach adolescence, hyperactive symptoms may decline and become less apparent to others,
but adolescents and adults with ADHD may still struggle with executive function, attention, and working
memory, which can create problems with day-to-day functioning, performance at work, and
relationships. - ANSWER-
How would you as a PMHNP screen or diagnose ADHD? - ANSWER-To make an informed diagnosis, it is
essential to gather data from multiple sources, including the client, parents, and teachers of children and
adolescents. Several instruments are available, either free or for a fee, to assist in diagnosis, as well as to
monitor changes in symptoms during treatment.
You can use the Vanderbilt scale- FREE
Connor Scale- not free
, What are some co-morbidities of ADHD? - ANSWER-Substance use disorder, depression, anxiety, OCD,
Bipolar
Common co-occurring conditions include learning disabilities, conduct disorders, tics, anxiety,
depression, and language disorders; adolescents are at increased risk of substance use disorders.
Consideration must be given to whether the presenting symptoms are attributed to ADHD, another
disorder, or to both disorders to make an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
How is treatment typically handled when a child has ADHD AND a co-existing mental health ailment? -
ANSWER-Children with co-occurring conditions are often treated first for ADHD and then for
comorbidities, as treating ADHD symptoms first may help reduce overall stress levels and provide a
clearer picture of the comorbid symptoms
What is the first-line treatment for ADHD? - ANSWER-A stimulant medication.
A non-stimulant is used if a stimulant is contraindicated or if a stimulant is not effective.
However remember that treatment of ADHD is multi-modal, often requiring medical, educational,
behavioral, and psychological intervention.
________ can help lower distractibility and improve attention, working memory, and impulsivity. -
ANSWER-Non-stimulants
How would you treat a patient who is having argumentative or oppositional symptoms? - ANSWER-A
combination of stimulants and non-stimulants can be used
What cardiac considerations should be considered before starting any patients on a stimulant? -
ANSWER-A cardiac workup should be completed.
An electrocardiogram (EKG) is required if cardiac history is present in a first-degree relative. (it can help
identify potential underlying heart conditions that could be adversely affected by the medication, even if
the patient appears healthy, as stimulants can slightly increase heart rate and blood pressure, potentially
causing complications in individuals with undiagnosed heart issues; this practice is recommended by the
American Heart Association (AHA) to prioritize patient safety. ) and ensure to document this.
