NSG-4100 EXAM 3 (PDF) | 2026
Exam Questions | Nursing Test Bank
when the heart contracts to pump blood out(depolarization) - ANSWER- systole
the heart relaxes after contraction(repolarization) - ANSWER- Diastole
volume of blood ejected duringventricular contraction - ANSWER- Stroke volume
amount of blood the heartpumps from each ventricle per minutemeasured in liters per minute -
ANSWER- Cardiac output
amount of ventricular stretch at the end ofdiastole.
-initial stretching of the ventricles prior tocontraction.
-the heart loading up for the next big squeeze of the ventricles during systole. - ANSWER-
Preload
YOU CAN GIVE FLUIDS TO INCREASE THIS
(systemic vascular resistance (SVR):amount of resistance the heart must overcome toopen the
aortic valve and push the blood volumeout into the systemic circulation. - ANSWER-
Afterload
VASOCONSTRICTION can increase this
Measurement of the vena cava or rightatrium and reflects the filling pressure ofthe right
ventricle (preload)
right arterial pressure - ANSWER- Central Venous Pressure
• CVP > 6 mm Hg indicates an elevated rightventricular preload. (Hypervolemic)
• CVP < 2 mm Hg indicates reduced right ventricular preload (hypovolemic) - ANSWER-
Central Venous Pressure
,- Used to obtain direct and continuous BP measurements
- Frequent ABG measurements and blood samples. - ANSWER- Arterial Blood Pressure
Assess left ventricular function:
- Right atrial pressure
- Pulmonary artery pressure
- Pulmonary artery wedge pressure - ANSWER- Pulmonary Artery Pressure
What do you not infuse into the monitoring systems? - ANSWER- Dextrose
Bathing with monitoring systems - ANSWER- - Do not submerge the catheter site in water
- Showering is permitted if the catheter andrelated tubing are placed in an impermeablecover.
• Abnormal fast heart rate of more than 100beats per minute:
.- Compensatory response to increased demandfor cardiac output or reduced stroke volume.
- Sympathetic activation
- Decreased parasympathetic activity
Greater than 100 but less than 120 BPM - ANSWER- Sinus Tachycardia
What is a complication of the monitoring - ANSWER- Pneumothorax
Infection
air embolism
Cause of Sinus Tachycardia - ANSWER- • Fever
• Hyperthyroidism
• Pain
• Increased metabolism
• Low blood pressure
• Hypoxia
Sinus tachycardia nursing interventions - ANSWER- Assess for cause
, Preform vegal manuvers
What meds can you give for sinus tachycardia - ANSWER- CCB (adenosine)
Beta Blockers (Propanalol)
What can cause Sinus bradycardia? - ANSWER- - Increased parasympathetic activity
- Sleep
- Drugs
- Increased Stroke Volume
- HTN
- Physically Trained Individuals
Less than 60 BPM - ANSWER- Sinus Bradycardia
Medications for bradycardia - ANSWER- Atropine
Dopamine (infusion)
Epinephrine (infusion)
Completely disorganized and irregularatrial rhythm accompanied by an irregularventricular
rhythm of variable rate
Atrial depolarizations are blocked at the AVNode, with a few reaching the ventricles
andinitiating ventricular contractions. Causesthe atria to quiver rather than contractforcefully -
ANSWER- Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial and ventricle rates during a fib - ANSWER- Atrial rate is300 to 600 bpm; ventricular rate
is usually120 to 200 bpm in untreated atrialfibrillation
P wave during A Fib - ANSWER- No discernible P waves, Cannot bemeasured, Irregular, and
shape are referredas fibrillatory waves
Etiology of A Fib - ANSWER- - Increasing age
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Obesity
Exam Questions | Nursing Test Bank
when the heart contracts to pump blood out(depolarization) - ANSWER- systole
the heart relaxes after contraction(repolarization) - ANSWER- Diastole
volume of blood ejected duringventricular contraction - ANSWER- Stroke volume
amount of blood the heartpumps from each ventricle per minutemeasured in liters per minute -
ANSWER- Cardiac output
amount of ventricular stretch at the end ofdiastole.
-initial stretching of the ventricles prior tocontraction.
-the heart loading up for the next big squeeze of the ventricles during systole. - ANSWER-
Preload
YOU CAN GIVE FLUIDS TO INCREASE THIS
(systemic vascular resistance (SVR):amount of resistance the heart must overcome toopen the
aortic valve and push the blood volumeout into the systemic circulation. - ANSWER-
Afterload
VASOCONSTRICTION can increase this
Measurement of the vena cava or rightatrium and reflects the filling pressure ofthe right
ventricle (preload)
right arterial pressure - ANSWER- Central Venous Pressure
• CVP > 6 mm Hg indicates an elevated rightventricular preload. (Hypervolemic)
• CVP < 2 mm Hg indicates reduced right ventricular preload (hypovolemic) - ANSWER-
Central Venous Pressure
,- Used to obtain direct and continuous BP measurements
- Frequent ABG measurements and blood samples. - ANSWER- Arterial Blood Pressure
Assess left ventricular function:
- Right atrial pressure
- Pulmonary artery pressure
- Pulmonary artery wedge pressure - ANSWER- Pulmonary Artery Pressure
What do you not infuse into the monitoring systems? - ANSWER- Dextrose
Bathing with monitoring systems - ANSWER- - Do not submerge the catheter site in water
- Showering is permitted if the catheter andrelated tubing are placed in an impermeablecover.
• Abnormal fast heart rate of more than 100beats per minute:
.- Compensatory response to increased demandfor cardiac output or reduced stroke volume.
- Sympathetic activation
- Decreased parasympathetic activity
Greater than 100 but less than 120 BPM - ANSWER- Sinus Tachycardia
What is a complication of the monitoring - ANSWER- Pneumothorax
Infection
air embolism
Cause of Sinus Tachycardia - ANSWER- • Fever
• Hyperthyroidism
• Pain
• Increased metabolism
• Low blood pressure
• Hypoxia
Sinus tachycardia nursing interventions - ANSWER- Assess for cause
, Preform vegal manuvers
What meds can you give for sinus tachycardia - ANSWER- CCB (adenosine)
Beta Blockers (Propanalol)
What can cause Sinus bradycardia? - ANSWER- - Increased parasympathetic activity
- Sleep
- Drugs
- Increased Stroke Volume
- HTN
- Physically Trained Individuals
Less than 60 BPM - ANSWER- Sinus Bradycardia
Medications for bradycardia - ANSWER- Atropine
Dopamine (infusion)
Epinephrine (infusion)
Completely disorganized and irregularatrial rhythm accompanied by an irregularventricular
rhythm of variable rate
Atrial depolarizations are blocked at the AVNode, with a few reaching the ventricles
andinitiating ventricular contractions. Causesthe atria to quiver rather than contractforcefully -
ANSWER- Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial and ventricle rates during a fib - ANSWER- Atrial rate is300 to 600 bpm; ventricular rate
is usually120 to 200 bpm in untreated atrialfibrillation
P wave during A Fib - ANSWER- No discernible P waves, Cannot bemeasured, Irregular, and
shape are referredas fibrillatory waves
Etiology of A Fib - ANSWER- - Increasing age
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Obesity
