NR-503 Epidemiology Final Question and
Answer | A+ Verified Updated | Most Tested
• herd immunity and ring vaccination -✓✓vaccinate people surrounding the
infected population to create herd immunity
• John Snow -✓✓cholera, broad street pump
• Koch -✓✓Koch-Henle postulates to identify a pathogenic microbe
• Yersin -✓✓bubonic plague caused by the rat flea
• vector of malaria -✓✓female mosquito
• Finlay -✓✓yellow fever
• Ross -✓✓discovered that the vector of malaria was the mosquito, suggested use
of bed nets
• Soper -✓✓led campaigns to eradicate mosquitos causing Malaria, used DDT
• Carson -✓✓she wrote the book Silent Spring that eventually banned DDT and
spread awareness of not using pesticides
• Marasmus -✓✓A wasting away of body tissues in the infant's first year, caused
by severe protein-calorie deficiency.
• Kwashiorkor -✓✓A disease of chronic malnutrition during childhood, in which a
protein deficiency makes the child more vulnerable to other diseases, such as
measles, diarrhea, and influenza. Swollen belly, edema
• vitamin A deficiency -✓✓night blindness, need for sight
• Goldberger -✓✓Pellagra, Vitamin B6 Deficiency
• Fleming -✓✓discovered penicillin by accident
, • Chain and Florey -✓✓purified penicillin
• leading causes of death ALL AGES -✓✓heart disease, cancer, COPD, accidents
(opiod), stroke, etc.
• leading causes of death 25-34 AGE -✓✓accidents, suicide, homicide, cancer, etc
• incidence -✓✓The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a
specific time.
• prevalence -✓✓fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time
• incidence... -✓✓counts new onsets only, independent of duration, rate or
proportion, risk of developing disease, study diseases etiology
• prevalence... -✓✓counts new and old onsets, dependent on duration, proportion,
risk of having disease, assess health services
• crude rate -✓✓No adjustment for age, et al.
• specific rate -✓✓specific for a certain group
• adjusted rate -✓✓adjustment for age
• experimental study designs -✓✓actually doing something. randomized clinical
trial, field & community trials
• observational study designs -✓✓just observing. prospective cohort study,
retrospective cohort study, retrospective case control study, cross sectional study,
ecologic study, case report
• phase 1 -✓✓determine toxicity of dose 10-20 patients
• phase 2 -✓✓determine preliminary estimates of response, quickly reject
ineffective 20-40 patients
Answer | A+ Verified Updated | Most Tested
• herd immunity and ring vaccination -✓✓vaccinate people surrounding the
infected population to create herd immunity
• John Snow -✓✓cholera, broad street pump
• Koch -✓✓Koch-Henle postulates to identify a pathogenic microbe
• Yersin -✓✓bubonic plague caused by the rat flea
• vector of malaria -✓✓female mosquito
• Finlay -✓✓yellow fever
• Ross -✓✓discovered that the vector of malaria was the mosquito, suggested use
of bed nets
• Soper -✓✓led campaigns to eradicate mosquitos causing Malaria, used DDT
• Carson -✓✓she wrote the book Silent Spring that eventually banned DDT and
spread awareness of not using pesticides
• Marasmus -✓✓A wasting away of body tissues in the infant's first year, caused
by severe protein-calorie deficiency.
• Kwashiorkor -✓✓A disease of chronic malnutrition during childhood, in which a
protein deficiency makes the child more vulnerable to other diseases, such as
measles, diarrhea, and influenza. Swollen belly, edema
• vitamin A deficiency -✓✓night blindness, need for sight
• Goldberger -✓✓Pellagra, Vitamin B6 Deficiency
• Fleming -✓✓discovered penicillin by accident
, • Chain and Florey -✓✓purified penicillin
• leading causes of death ALL AGES -✓✓heart disease, cancer, COPD, accidents
(opiod), stroke, etc.
• leading causes of death 25-34 AGE -✓✓accidents, suicide, homicide, cancer, etc
• incidence -✓✓The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a
specific time.
• prevalence -✓✓fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time
• incidence... -✓✓counts new onsets only, independent of duration, rate or
proportion, risk of developing disease, study diseases etiology
• prevalence... -✓✓counts new and old onsets, dependent on duration, proportion,
risk of having disease, assess health services
• crude rate -✓✓No adjustment for age, et al.
• specific rate -✓✓specific for a certain group
• adjusted rate -✓✓adjustment for age
• experimental study designs -✓✓actually doing something. randomized clinical
trial, field & community trials
• observational study designs -✓✓just observing. prospective cohort study,
retrospective cohort study, retrospective case control study, cross sectional study,
ecologic study, case report
• phase 1 -✓✓determine toxicity of dose 10-20 patients
• phase 2 -✓✓determine preliminary estimates of response, quickly reject
ineffective 20-40 patients
