NR-503 Epidemiology Final Question and
Answer 2026/2027 | 100% Verified A+
• Epidemiology is the study of the [1________________] and [2_________________] of
disease, health, disability, and injuries in [3________________]. -✓✓1. distribution
2. determinants
3. populations
• Temperatures below 20°C (68°F) effectively inhibit the growth cycle of Plasmodium
falciparum which causes severe malaria, thus preventing its transmission. This
characteristic is an example of: -✓✓environmental aspect
• True or False? In order to determine the item(s) which are responsible for a food borne
outbreak, look for the items with the smallest attack rate differences -✓✓false
• The spreading of a disease beyond what is normal that affects multiple countries and a
large number of people is called what? -✓✓pandemic
• HyperRAB® is rabies immune globulin (human) which is given immediately following
suspected exposure to a rabid animal. This is an example of ________ _______
immunity -✓✓passive artificial
• Colorectal cancer and lung cancer death rates are examples of: -✓✓cause specific
death rates
• A recent study found that Swaziland has the highest prevalence rate of persons living
with HIV in the world at 27.4%. This rate has held steady over many years. For this
country, HIV is considered to be -✓✓endemic
• What is one factor that would keep prevalence the same even with increased
incidence? -✓✓high case fatality
• The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by -
✓✓The incidence rate (cumulative incidence) for that disease during that time period.
• Using health-related data that precede diagnosis and signal a sufficient probability of a
case or an outbreak to warrant further public health response is called -✓✓syndromic
surveillance
• Which of the following reasons might account for place variation in disease? -✓✓-
Concentration of racial/ethnic groups in particular areas
-Genetic and environmental interactions
-Influence of climate
, • The shift from high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and death rates is
known as: -✓✓demographic transition
• Data from this source are collected every 10 years and are often used in the
denominator for crude rate calculations -✓✓census
• Persons undergoing chemotherapy for cancer are a highly susceptible subgroup of the
population because of their compromised immune system. This characteristic is an
example of -✓✓host factor
• A rate is a measure with an element of _______ in the denominator -✓✓time
• The shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases since the 1900s among
populations living in developed countries is known as -✓✓epidemiologic transition
• Ability of an agent to enter and multiple in a host and produce infection or disease -
✓✓infectivity
• Substance that is harmful to biologic systems, made by living organisms -✓✓toxin
• An inanimate object that can spread an infectious agent -✓✓fomite
• A person or animal that harbors a specific infectious agent without discernible clinical
disease and could serve as a potential source of infection -✓✓carrier
• A factor whose presence or absence is necessary for a disease to occur -✓✓agent
• The severity of disease produced -✓✓virulence
• The first known case for an outbreak -✓✓index case
• A person or other living animal that provides a place for an infectious agent to live and
grow -✓✓host
• The domain in which disease-causing agents exist, survive, or originate -
✓✓environment
• person to whom the outbreak can be traced back -✓✓patient zero
• ebola vaccine -✓✓primary
• physical therapy after shoulder surgery -✓✓tertiary
Answer 2026/2027 | 100% Verified A+
• Epidemiology is the study of the [1________________] and [2_________________] of
disease, health, disability, and injuries in [3________________]. -✓✓1. distribution
2. determinants
3. populations
• Temperatures below 20°C (68°F) effectively inhibit the growth cycle of Plasmodium
falciparum which causes severe malaria, thus preventing its transmission. This
characteristic is an example of: -✓✓environmental aspect
• True or False? In order to determine the item(s) which are responsible for a food borne
outbreak, look for the items with the smallest attack rate differences -✓✓false
• The spreading of a disease beyond what is normal that affects multiple countries and a
large number of people is called what? -✓✓pandemic
• HyperRAB® is rabies immune globulin (human) which is given immediately following
suspected exposure to a rabid animal. This is an example of ________ _______
immunity -✓✓passive artificial
• Colorectal cancer and lung cancer death rates are examples of: -✓✓cause specific
death rates
• A recent study found that Swaziland has the highest prevalence rate of persons living
with HIV in the world at 27.4%. This rate has held steady over many years. For this
country, HIV is considered to be -✓✓endemic
• What is one factor that would keep prevalence the same even with increased
incidence? -✓✓high case fatality
• The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by -
✓✓The incidence rate (cumulative incidence) for that disease during that time period.
• Using health-related data that precede diagnosis and signal a sufficient probability of a
case or an outbreak to warrant further public health response is called -✓✓syndromic
surveillance
• Which of the following reasons might account for place variation in disease? -✓✓-
Concentration of racial/ethnic groups in particular areas
-Genetic and environmental interactions
-Influence of climate
, • The shift from high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and death rates is
known as: -✓✓demographic transition
• Data from this source are collected every 10 years and are often used in the
denominator for crude rate calculations -✓✓census
• Persons undergoing chemotherapy for cancer are a highly susceptible subgroup of the
population because of their compromised immune system. This characteristic is an
example of -✓✓host factor
• A rate is a measure with an element of _______ in the denominator -✓✓time
• The shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases since the 1900s among
populations living in developed countries is known as -✓✓epidemiologic transition
• Ability of an agent to enter and multiple in a host and produce infection or disease -
✓✓infectivity
• Substance that is harmful to biologic systems, made by living organisms -✓✓toxin
• An inanimate object that can spread an infectious agent -✓✓fomite
• A person or animal that harbors a specific infectious agent without discernible clinical
disease and could serve as a potential source of infection -✓✓carrier
• A factor whose presence or absence is necessary for a disease to occur -✓✓agent
• The severity of disease produced -✓✓virulence
• The first known case for an outbreak -✓✓index case
• A person or other living animal that provides a place for an infectious agent to live and
grow -✓✓host
• The domain in which disease-causing agents exist, survive, or originate -
✓✓environment
• person to whom the outbreak can be traced back -✓✓patient zero
• ebola vaccine -✓✓primary
• physical therapy after shoulder surgery -✓✓tertiary
