NSG 4100 Exam 2 (PDF) | 2026 Exam Questions | Nursing Test Bank

NSG 4100 Exam 2 (PDF) | 2026 Exam Questions |
Nursing Test Bank
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) etiology - ANSWER- -Some insulin but not enough



-Stress can increase insulin demand



-Can be from infection



-Older adults with no history of diabetes can be at risk

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) s/s and complications - ANSWER- -polyphagia/
polyuria/ polydipsia



-dehydration



-tachy



-high glucose



-low bp



-neuro issue (confusion)



-No ketones, no acidosis

HHS teaching - ANSWER- -Thiazides and dialysis increase body resistance (hyperglycemia)

,HHS diagnosis - ANSWER- -BG 600-1200



-Osmolality >320



-No ketones

HHS treatment - ANSWER- -IV regular insulin asap



-fluids

HHS NI - ANSWER- -Assess GCS fast



-cardiac monitor



-fluids (normal for K+ to lower with fluid replacement)



-administer insulin

DKA etiology - ANSWER- -No insulin made



-missed dose of insulin or infection

DKA s/s and complications - ANSWER- -ketones



-metabolic acidosis



-high glucose



-low bp

, -polyuria



-kussmauls



-polyphagia



-polydipsia



-change in LOC

DKA teaching - ANSWER- -sick day rules

DKA diagnosis - ANSWER- -BG 300-800



-low bicarb 0-25



-low pH 6.8-7.3



-low pCO2 10-30



-ketones



-High BUN, creatinine, hematocrit

DKA treatment - ANSWER- -insulin reverses acidosis



-IV regular insulin



-NS, 1/2 NS D5W