NURS 5334 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the neurotransmitters of the PNS - Answers - Acetylcholine (mediates
cholinergic receptors)
Norepinephrine/epinephrine (mediate adrenergic receptors)
Cholinergic receptor subtypes - Answers - nicotinic and muscarinic
Adrenergic receptor subtypes - Answers - alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2
Alpha 1 receptor functions - Answers - vasoconstriction
ejaculation
contraction of bladder neck & prostate
Alpha 2 receptor function - Answers - little clinical significance
Beta 1 receptor functions - Answers - Heart (increase rate and force of contraction)
Kidney (renin release)
Conduction of the AV node
Beta 2 receptor functions - Answers - Bronchial dilation
relaxation of uterine muscle
vasodilation
glycogenolysis
Dopamine function - Answers - dilates renal blood vessels
Without subtypes - Answers - a drug that acts on one site will alter all sites
Cholinergic drugs function to - Answers - Turn on PNS
Muscarinic Agonists function - Answers - mimic the effects of acetylcholine at
muscarinic receptors
Bethanechol function - Answers - constricts bronchi, increase GI tone and motility,
contraction of detrusor muscle and relaxes trigone and sphincter
Bethanechol used for - Answers - urinary retention
bethanechol adverse effects - Answers - hypotension, abd cramps/diarrhea, increased
salivation, asthma exacerbation
Cevimeline - Answers - treats dry mouth in Sjogren Syndrome
Pilocarpine - Answers - topical therapy for glaucoma
,Acetylcholine - Answers - Used for mitosis (pupil constriction) after cataract surgery
Muscarinic poisoning treated with - Answers - atropine
Drugs that turn off PNS - Answers - Muscarinic antagonists (parasympatholytic drugs,
antimuscarinic drugs, muscarinic blockers, anticholinergic drugs)
Muscarinic antagonists function - Answers - selectively block the effects acetylcholine at
muscarinic receptors
Muscarinic antagonists are also known as - Answers - parasympatholytic drugs,
antimuscarinic drugs, muscarinic blockers or anticholinergic drugs
Atropine function - Answers - Increases HR
Decrease secretions
relax bronchi
decrease tone of detrusor
decrease tone & motility of GI
mydriasis (pupil dilation)
Atropine uses - Answers - preanesthetic
eye disorders
bradycardia
intestinal hypermotility
asthma
muscarinic agonist poisoning
Atropine side effects - Answers - dry mouth
blurred vision
increase IOP
urinary retention
constipation
tachycardia
asthma
Atropine can me used to treat _______ but can also worse _______ by thickening and
drying bronchial secretions causing plugging - Answers - Asthma
Anticholinergic drugs for overactive bladder - Answers - oxybutynin (Ditropan)
Darifenacin
Solifenacin
Tolterodine
Fesorterodine
Trospium
, Oxybutynin (Ditropan) - Answers - anticholinergic side effects
Darifenacin - Answers - greatest M3 selectivity
can reduce OAB symptoms while having no effects of M1 receptors in brain or M2
receptors in the heart
Darifenacin can cause - Answers - dry mouth and constipation
Solifenacin - Answers - similar to darifenacin but can cause prolonged QT at high doses
Tolterodine - Answers - nonselevtive
fewer anticholinergic effects
prolongs QT
Fesoterodine & Trospium - Answers - nonselective
Scopolamine - Answers - Muscarinic Antagonist
used for motion sickness
Ipratropium bromide - Answers - used to treat asthma, COPD and rhinits
Antisecretory Anticholinergics - Answers - Glycopyrrolate (excessive salivation)
mepenzolate
methscopolamine
propanthelne
dicylomine (IBS)
Cholinesterase inhibitors - Answers - Reversible: Neostigmine (manage myasthenia
graves by strengthening muscles), Physostigmine (treats muscarine antagonist
poisoning)
Nonreversible : highly toxic (use in insecticides)
Adrenergic agonists function - Answers - turn on Sympathetic NS
Alpha 1 receptor activation - Answers - vasoconstriction
mydriasis
Alpha 2 receptor activation - Answers - control norepinephrine please, reduces
sypatheric outflow to the heart, relieves pain
Beta 1 receptor activation - Answers - Inotropic effects
used for shock
enhance AV node conduction
Beta 2 receptor activation - Answers - bronchodilations
What are the neurotransmitters of the PNS - Answers - Acetylcholine (mediates
cholinergic receptors)
Norepinephrine/epinephrine (mediate adrenergic receptors)
Cholinergic receptor subtypes - Answers - nicotinic and muscarinic
Adrenergic receptor subtypes - Answers - alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2
Alpha 1 receptor functions - Answers - vasoconstriction
ejaculation
contraction of bladder neck & prostate
Alpha 2 receptor function - Answers - little clinical significance
Beta 1 receptor functions - Answers - Heart (increase rate and force of contraction)
Kidney (renin release)
Conduction of the AV node
Beta 2 receptor functions - Answers - Bronchial dilation
relaxation of uterine muscle
vasodilation
glycogenolysis
Dopamine function - Answers - dilates renal blood vessels
Without subtypes - Answers - a drug that acts on one site will alter all sites
Cholinergic drugs function to - Answers - Turn on PNS
Muscarinic Agonists function - Answers - mimic the effects of acetylcholine at
muscarinic receptors
Bethanechol function - Answers - constricts bronchi, increase GI tone and motility,
contraction of detrusor muscle and relaxes trigone and sphincter
Bethanechol used for - Answers - urinary retention
bethanechol adverse effects - Answers - hypotension, abd cramps/diarrhea, increased
salivation, asthma exacerbation
Cevimeline - Answers - treats dry mouth in Sjogren Syndrome
Pilocarpine - Answers - topical therapy for glaucoma
,Acetylcholine - Answers - Used for mitosis (pupil constriction) after cataract surgery
Muscarinic poisoning treated with - Answers - atropine
Drugs that turn off PNS - Answers - Muscarinic antagonists (parasympatholytic drugs,
antimuscarinic drugs, muscarinic blockers, anticholinergic drugs)
Muscarinic antagonists function - Answers - selectively block the effects acetylcholine at
muscarinic receptors
Muscarinic antagonists are also known as - Answers - parasympatholytic drugs,
antimuscarinic drugs, muscarinic blockers or anticholinergic drugs
Atropine function - Answers - Increases HR
Decrease secretions
relax bronchi
decrease tone of detrusor
decrease tone & motility of GI
mydriasis (pupil dilation)
Atropine uses - Answers - preanesthetic
eye disorders
bradycardia
intestinal hypermotility
asthma
muscarinic agonist poisoning
Atropine side effects - Answers - dry mouth
blurred vision
increase IOP
urinary retention
constipation
tachycardia
asthma
Atropine can me used to treat _______ but can also worse _______ by thickening and
drying bronchial secretions causing plugging - Answers - Asthma
Anticholinergic drugs for overactive bladder - Answers - oxybutynin (Ditropan)
Darifenacin
Solifenacin
Tolterodine
Fesorterodine
Trospium
, Oxybutynin (Ditropan) - Answers - anticholinergic side effects
Darifenacin - Answers - greatest M3 selectivity
can reduce OAB symptoms while having no effects of M1 receptors in brain or M2
receptors in the heart
Darifenacin can cause - Answers - dry mouth and constipation
Solifenacin - Answers - similar to darifenacin but can cause prolonged QT at high doses
Tolterodine - Answers - nonselevtive
fewer anticholinergic effects
prolongs QT
Fesoterodine & Trospium - Answers - nonselective
Scopolamine - Answers - Muscarinic Antagonist
used for motion sickness
Ipratropium bromide - Answers - used to treat asthma, COPD and rhinits
Antisecretory Anticholinergics - Answers - Glycopyrrolate (excessive salivation)
mepenzolate
methscopolamine
propanthelne
dicylomine (IBS)
Cholinesterase inhibitors - Answers - Reversible: Neostigmine (manage myasthenia
graves by strengthening muscles), Physostigmine (treats muscarine antagonist
poisoning)
Nonreversible : highly toxic (use in insecticides)
Adrenergic agonists function - Answers - turn on Sympathetic NS
Alpha 1 receptor activation - Answers - vasoconstriction
mydriasis
Alpha 2 receptor activation - Answers - control norepinephrine please, reduces
sypatheric outflow to the heart, relieves pain
Beta 1 receptor activation - Answers - Inotropic effects
used for shock
enhance AV node conduction
Beta 2 receptor activation - Answers - bronchodilations
