PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT:
1. Meaning of Management
Management is the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and
controlling organizational resources to achieve goals efficiently and effectively.
Definitions
• Harold Koontz: “Management is the art of getting things done through and with
people in formally organized groups.”
• Peter F. Drucker: “Management is a multipurpose organ that manages business,
managers, and workers.”
• Mary Parker Follett: “Management is the art of getting things done through
people.”
2. Nature of Management
Key characteristics:
• Goal-oriented – Focuses on achieving objectives
• Universal – Applicable to all organizations
• Continuous process – Never-ending
• Group activity – Involves teamwork
• Dynamic function – Adapts to changes
• Intangible force – Cannot be seen but felt through results
• Multidisciplinary – Uses economics, psychology, sociology
3. Scope of Management
Management covers all functional areas:
• Production Management
• Marketing Management
,• Financial Management
• Human Resource Management
• Operations & Logistics
Conclusion line: Scope is broad and extends across all organizational activities.
4. Levels of Management
1. Top-Level Management
• Examples: CEO, Board of Directors
• Functions: Policy making, strategic decisions
2. Middle-Level Management
• Examples: Department managers
• Functions: Implement policies, coordinate
3. Lower-Level Management
• Examples: Supervisors, foremen
• Functions: Direct workers, daily operations
Diagram tip: Draw a pyramid (Top → Middle → Lower)
5. Importance of Management
• Achieves organizational goals
• Ensures optimum use of resources
• Improves efficiency and productivity
• Creates a dynamic organization
• Helps in economic development
• Maintains discipline and coordination
• Ensures employee satisfaction
• Assists in providing feedback
, 6. Management vs Administration
Basis Management Administration
Nature Execution Policy making
Level Middle & lower Top level
Function Implements decisions Formulates policies
Focus Doing work Deciding work
Exam Tip: Write 4–5 differences + a conclusion.
7. Management: Science or Art?
As a Science
• Systematic knowledge
• Principles based on experiments
• Universal applicability
As an Art
• Requires skill & creativity
• Based on experience
• Practical application
Conclusion: Management is both Science and Art.
8. Evolution of Management Thought
Scientific Management – Frederick Winslow Taylor
• Time study, motion study
• Standardization
• “One best way”
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT:
1. Meaning of Management
Management is the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and
controlling organizational resources to achieve goals efficiently and effectively.
Definitions
• Harold Koontz: “Management is the art of getting things done through and with
people in formally organized groups.”
• Peter F. Drucker: “Management is a multipurpose organ that manages business,
managers, and workers.”
• Mary Parker Follett: “Management is the art of getting things done through
people.”
2. Nature of Management
Key characteristics:
• Goal-oriented – Focuses on achieving objectives
• Universal – Applicable to all organizations
• Continuous process – Never-ending
• Group activity – Involves teamwork
• Dynamic function – Adapts to changes
• Intangible force – Cannot be seen but felt through results
• Multidisciplinary – Uses economics, psychology, sociology
3. Scope of Management
Management covers all functional areas:
• Production Management
• Marketing Management
,• Financial Management
• Human Resource Management
• Operations & Logistics
Conclusion line: Scope is broad and extends across all organizational activities.
4. Levels of Management
1. Top-Level Management
• Examples: CEO, Board of Directors
• Functions: Policy making, strategic decisions
2. Middle-Level Management
• Examples: Department managers
• Functions: Implement policies, coordinate
3. Lower-Level Management
• Examples: Supervisors, foremen
• Functions: Direct workers, daily operations
Diagram tip: Draw a pyramid (Top → Middle → Lower)
5. Importance of Management
• Achieves organizational goals
• Ensures optimum use of resources
• Improves efficiency and productivity
• Creates a dynamic organization
• Helps in economic development
• Maintains discipline and coordination
• Ensures employee satisfaction
• Assists in providing feedback
, 6. Management vs Administration
Basis Management Administration
Nature Execution Policy making
Level Middle & lower Top level
Function Implements decisions Formulates policies
Focus Doing work Deciding work
Exam Tip: Write 4–5 differences + a conclusion.
7. Management: Science or Art?
As a Science
• Systematic knowledge
• Principles based on experiments
• Universal applicability
As an Art
• Requires skill & creativity
• Based on experience
• Practical application
Conclusion: Management is both Science and Art.
8. Evolution of Management Thought
Scientific Management – Frederick Winslow Taylor
• Time study, motion study
• Standardization
• “One best way”
