PORTAGE LEARNING
NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
Multiple-Choice (A–D), For Each Question.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
,### 1. Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates differentiation of
red blood cells within the bone marrow?
A) Thrombopoietin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Renin
D) Calcitonin
Answer: B) Erythropoietin
Explanation:
Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia, and it
stimulates the bone marrow to increase production and differentiation of red blood cells,
maintaining adequate oxygen delivery.
---
### 2. True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions.
Answer: False
Explanation:
Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contraction that moves food through the gastrointestinal
tract in one direction only—from the mouth toward the anus. This unidirectional movement
ensures efficient propulsion of contents.
---
,### 3. You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin level is 7 g/dL. Would that be considered a normal or abnormal value?
A) Normal
B) Abnormal
Answer: B) Abnormal
Explanation:
Normal hemoglobin levels for adult females generally range from 12 to 16 g/dL. A level of 7
g/dL is critically low, indicating anemia which could result in fatigue, weakness, and
insufficient oxygen carrying capacity.
---
### 4. You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin level is 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value?
A) Normal
B) Abnormal
Answer: A) Normal
Explanation:
A hemoglobin level of 13 g/dL is within the normal range for adult females (12–16 g/dL),
indicating no apparent anemia or other hemoglobin-related disorder.
---
, ### 5. Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well checkup and keeping up
with the recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of:
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Quaternary prevention
Answer: A) Primary prevention
Explanation:
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs. This includes
vaccination programs, regular checkups, and health education. Taking a child for annual well
visits and immunizations prevents onset of disease, which fits primary prevention.
---
### 6. True or False: A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate
of growth.
Answer: False
Explanation:
Benign neoplasms are non-invasive, slow-growing tumors that do not spread to surrounding
tissue. It is malignant neoplasms that invade, destroy tissue, and tend to grow rapidly.
NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
Multiple-Choice (A–D), For Each Question.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
,### 1. Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates differentiation of
red blood cells within the bone marrow?
A) Thrombopoietin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Renin
D) Calcitonin
Answer: B) Erythropoietin
Explanation:
Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia, and it
stimulates the bone marrow to increase production and differentiation of red blood cells,
maintaining adequate oxygen delivery.
---
### 2. True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions.
Answer: False
Explanation:
Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contraction that moves food through the gastrointestinal
tract in one direction only—from the mouth toward the anus. This unidirectional movement
ensures efficient propulsion of contents.
---
,### 3. You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin level is 7 g/dL. Would that be considered a normal or abnormal value?
A) Normal
B) Abnormal
Answer: B) Abnormal
Explanation:
Normal hemoglobin levels for adult females generally range from 12 to 16 g/dL. A level of 7
g/dL is critically low, indicating anemia which could result in fatigue, weakness, and
insufficient oxygen carrying capacity.
---
### 4. You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin level is 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value?
A) Normal
B) Abnormal
Answer: A) Normal
Explanation:
A hemoglobin level of 13 g/dL is within the normal range for adult females (12–16 g/dL),
indicating no apparent anemia or other hemoglobin-related disorder.
---
, ### 5. Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well checkup and keeping up
with the recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of:
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Quaternary prevention
Answer: A) Primary prevention
Explanation:
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs. This includes
vaccination programs, regular checkups, and health education. Taking a child for annual well
visits and immunizations prevents onset of disease, which fits primary prevention.
---
### 6. True or False: A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate
of growth.
Answer: False
Explanation:
Benign neoplasms are non-invasive, slow-growing tumors that do not spread to surrounding
tissue. It is malignant neoplasms that invade, destroy tissue, and tend to grow rapidly.
