1|Page
**BIO 152 MODULE 1 EXAM**ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY II**120 PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS & DETAILED
RATIONALES**ENDOCRINE SYSTEM • BLOOD •
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (HEART)**HIGH-YIELD
CONTENT • FIRST-TIME PASS**
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Section | Topic | Questions |
| 1 | Endocrine System (Hormones, Glands, Feedback Loops) | 1–40 |
| 2 | Blood (Formed Elements, Hematopoiesis, Hemostasis, Blood
Typing) | 41–75 |
| 3 | Cardiovascular System – Heart Anatomy | 76–95 |
| 4 | Cardiovascular System – Cardiac Cycle, ECG, Cardiac Output | 96–
120 |
# SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Questions 1–40)
**1. Which of the following is a characteristic of the endocrine
system?**
A) Rapid response, short duration
B) Slow response, long duration
C) Uses neurotransmitters
D) Target organs are always nearby
,2|Page
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* The endocrine system releases hormones into the
bloodstream, resulting in slower, longer-lasting effects compared to the
nervous system. Nervous system: fast, short duration.
**2. What is a hormone?**
A) Electrical signal transmitted by neurons
B) Chemical messenger secreted into the bloodstream that acts on
distant target cells
C) Enzyme that digests proteins
D) Neurotransmitter released at a synapse
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine
glands into the blood, transported to target cells with specific receptors.
**3. Which gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls
other endocrine glands?**
A) Thyroid gland
B) Adrenal gland
C) Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
D) Pineal gland
,3|Page
**Answer: C**
*Rationale:* The pituitary gland (anterior lobe) secretes tropic hormones
(TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH) that regulate other endocrine glands. The
hypothalamus is the true "master" but pituitary is traditionally called
master gland.
**4. The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary via:**
A) Direct neural connections
B) Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system (blood vessels)
C) Axons that release hormones into the posterior pituitary
D) Cerebrospinal fluid
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting
hormones into the hypophyseal portal system, which carries them to the
anterior pituitary to regulate hormone secretion.
**5. Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?**
A) Growth hormone (GH)
B) Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D) Prolactin
, 4|Page
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and
ADH (vasopressin), which are synthesized in the hypothalamus.
Anterior pituitary secretes GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin.
**6. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the kidneys to:**
A) Increase urine output (diuresis)
B) Decrease urine output by increasing water reabsorption
C) Excrete sodium
D) Increase blood glucose
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of
the kidneys, concentrating urine and decreasing urine output. Alcohol
inhibits ADH → increased urination.
**7. Which hormone causes uterine contractions during labor and milk
ejection during breastfeeding?**
A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone
**BIO 152 MODULE 1 EXAM**ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY II**120 PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS & DETAILED
RATIONALES**ENDOCRINE SYSTEM • BLOOD •
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (HEART)**HIGH-YIELD
CONTENT • FIRST-TIME PASS**
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Section | Topic | Questions |
| 1 | Endocrine System (Hormones, Glands, Feedback Loops) | 1–40 |
| 2 | Blood (Formed Elements, Hematopoiesis, Hemostasis, Blood
Typing) | 41–75 |
| 3 | Cardiovascular System – Heart Anatomy | 76–95 |
| 4 | Cardiovascular System – Cardiac Cycle, ECG, Cardiac Output | 96–
120 |
# SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Questions 1–40)
**1. Which of the following is a characteristic of the endocrine
system?**
A) Rapid response, short duration
B) Slow response, long duration
C) Uses neurotransmitters
D) Target organs are always nearby
,2|Page
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* The endocrine system releases hormones into the
bloodstream, resulting in slower, longer-lasting effects compared to the
nervous system. Nervous system: fast, short duration.
**2. What is a hormone?**
A) Electrical signal transmitted by neurons
B) Chemical messenger secreted into the bloodstream that acts on
distant target cells
C) Enzyme that digests proteins
D) Neurotransmitter released at a synapse
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine
glands into the blood, transported to target cells with specific receptors.
**3. Which gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls
other endocrine glands?**
A) Thyroid gland
B) Adrenal gland
C) Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
D) Pineal gland
,3|Page
**Answer: C**
*Rationale:* The pituitary gland (anterior lobe) secretes tropic hormones
(TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH) that regulate other endocrine glands. The
hypothalamus is the true "master" but pituitary is traditionally called
master gland.
**4. The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary via:**
A) Direct neural connections
B) Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system (blood vessels)
C) Axons that release hormones into the posterior pituitary
D) Cerebrospinal fluid
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting
hormones into the hypophyseal portal system, which carries them to the
anterior pituitary to regulate hormone secretion.
**5. Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?**
A) Growth hormone (GH)
B) Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D) Prolactin
, 4|Page
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and
ADH (vasopressin), which are synthesized in the hypothalamus.
Anterior pituitary secretes GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin.
**6. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the kidneys to:**
A) Increase urine output (diuresis)
B) Decrease urine output by increasing water reabsorption
C) Excrete sodium
D) Increase blood glucose
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of
the kidneys, concentrating urine and decreasing urine output. Alcohol
inhibits ADH → increased urination.
**7. Which hormone causes uterine contractions during labor and milk
ejection during breastfeeding?**
A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone
