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Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards are regulations in the
US, first enacted by congress in 1975, to improve the average fuel economy
of cars and light trucks (trucks, vans, sport utility vehicles) produced for
sale in the US.
Electric Cars
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, Cost less to operate per mile, decentralized energy resource providing
flexible storage
Public transport EV's should be prioritized because they are used most
often, this could significantly help with emissions
Infrastructure to support EV's must be invested in today to promote future
growth
Refer to article: these 3 elements are crucial to the future of electric cars
previous two bullet points are from this article
Less moving parts lead to longer lifespan and easier repair
Electric buses- for every 1,000 electric buses on road there are 500 barrels
of diesel displaced
Vehicle to grid- electric cars that are at charging stations could transfer
energy to the grid in the instance of a power outage.
Potential Opportunities and Consequences of Autonomous Vehicles
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Opportunity cost/consequence: time spend in cars will increase (commutes
will get longer), therefore could be encouraging sprawl/"drive till you
qualify"
Gentrification
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A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly
low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-
occupied area. The process of renovating and improving a house or district
so that it conforms to middle-class taste.
, Taxes on Gas and Coal
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The infamous "carbon tax" is used to put an accurate price on the use of
fossil fuels. In the US, we do not put an accurate price on the use of fossil
fuels, as we do not take into account the negative externalities they cost at
their extent.
Role of Government in Promoting Dense Urban Areas
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Building efficient public transit requires beating the rising density of a city.
Curitiba — mayor created an infrastructure as a guide to where the city
wanted to go and it brought in a population increase.
Building green spaces that are connected (greenspaces are public goods)
parks that are connected are more effective than isolated ones.
ISTEA passed in 1993 under Clinton admin—created a situation where states
have to spend 20% of their money on non-road transportation (bike paths,
etc).
Smart Growth
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