LifeStart EMT Trauma Module Review
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
What is shock? -
correct answer ✅when the organs and tissues are not profused
properly
What is aerobic vs. anaerobic metabolism? -
correct answer ✅aerobic: O2 present
anaerobic: )2 absent, increase in acid production
What are the 3 basic etiologies of shock? -
correct answer ✅1. inadequate volume - blood/plasma loss
2. inadequate pumping - heart attack/failure, obstruction
3. nadequate vessel tone - SVR
What are the 5 categories of shock? Pathophysiology of each?
Examples of each? -
correct answer ✅- hypovolemic: loss of fluid blood (hemorragic)
/plasma loss (non-hemorragic), or burns
- distributive: volume loss due to vasolation, increases capillary
permiability
- cardiogenic: not enough oxygen to heart, not pumping correctly
(AMI, CHF, dysrhythmis)
,LifeStart EMT Trauma Module Review
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
- obstructive: blocking blood/oxygen flow
- metabolic: toxins inability to transfer oxygen
What is MODS? When does it occur? How might it be related to
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? -
correct answer ✅multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
after decompensated shock that has gone so far it is irreversible
Name three examples of obstructive shock, and explain the etiology
of each. -
correct answer ✅- pulmonary embolism: clot in the circulatory
system of lungs --> decreased alceolar respiration, increased back
pressure on right ventricle
- tension pneumothroax - air in the plaural space resulting in a
decreased preload, cardiac output, and BP
- pericardial tamponade - fluid around the heart obsctructing its
pumping ability
What are the s/s of the following types of shock: hemorrhagic
hypovolemic vs. burn vs. anaphylactic vs. septic vs. neurogenic vs.
,LifeStart EMT Trauma Module Review
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
cardiogenic? -
correct answer ✅- Hemorrhagic- inadequate blood/red bc/volume
- Hypovolemic- inadequate volume/BP symptoms, severe diarrhea,
excessive sweating, vomiting, urinating
- Burn - fluid/proteins leak out into interstitial space extermination
swelling over time
- Anaphylactic- severe allergic reaction - massive vasodilation - s/s
BP & CO decrease, swelling
- Septic - result from infection, massive vasodilation s/s BP decrease
decrease, decreased CO swelling
- Spinal shock leads to neurogenic shock - might result in damage to
the sympathetic NS which will cause vasodilation. s/s priapism
blood pulling decreased BP
- Cardiogenic- heart starting to fail s/s decreased co decreased BP
FLUID BUILD UP IN LUNGS
What are the 2 stages of shock? Signs/symptoms of each? -
correct answer ✅compensatory - anxious, pale, cool clammy skin,
higher HR< RR, narrow pulse pressure, equal radiap, normal bP
decompensatory - altered/ unresponsice , higer HR, narrow pulse
pressure, equal radial, normal BP
, LifeStart EMT Trauma Module Review
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
What 2 body systems play the biggest roles in the body's response
to shock? What does each do? -
correct answer ✅-nervous: sympathetic nerve stimulation
-endocrine: hormones
What are EMT treatments for shock? -
correct answer ✅secure airway, o2 vis nrb, ventilate prn,
dress/bandage for external bleeding, splint - fractures to reduce
internal bleeding, impaled objesct in place, pelvis for suspected
abdominal bleed with hypotension, apply smr prn
What is the formula for determining the lower limit of the SBP for a
child less than 10 yoa? -
correct answer ✅70mmh + 2*age
How does IV fluid replacement help hemorrhagic shock? What are
its limitations? -
correct answer ✅replaces missing blood in vessels, but cant carry
oxygen to cells
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
What is shock? -
correct answer ✅when the organs and tissues are not profused
properly
What is aerobic vs. anaerobic metabolism? -
correct answer ✅aerobic: O2 present
anaerobic: )2 absent, increase in acid production
What are the 3 basic etiologies of shock? -
correct answer ✅1. inadequate volume - blood/plasma loss
2. inadequate pumping - heart attack/failure, obstruction
3. nadequate vessel tone - SVR
What are the 5 categories of shock? Pathophysiology of each?
Examples of each? -
correct answer ✅- hypovolemic: loss of fluid blood (hemorragic)
/plasma loss (non-hemorragic), or burns
- distributive: volume loss due to vasolation, increases capillary
permiability
- cardiogenic: not enough oxygen to heart, not pumping correctly
(AMI, CHF, dysrhythmis)
,LifeStart EMT Trauma Module Review
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
- obstructive: blocking blood/oxygen flow
- metabolic: toxins inability to transfer oxygen
What is MODS? When does it occur? How might it be related to
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? -
correct answer ✅multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
after decompensated shock that has gone so far it is irreversible
Name three examples of obstructive shock, and explain the etiology
of each. -
correct answer ✅- pulmonary embolism: clot in the circulatory
system of lungs --> decreased alceolar respiration, increased back
pressure on right ventricle
- tension pneumothroax - air in the plaural space resulting in a
decreased preload, cardiac output, and BP
- pericardial tamponade - fluid around the heart obsctructing its
pumping ability
What are the s/s of the following types of shock: hemorrhagic
hypovolemic vs. burn vs. anaphylactic vs. septic vs. neurogenic vs.
,LifeStart EMT Trauma Module Review
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
cardiogenic? -
correct answer ✅- Hemorrhagic- inadequate blood/red bc/volume
- Hypovolemic- inadequate volume/BP symptoms, severe diarrhea,
excessive sweating, vomiting, urinating
- Burn - fluid/proteins leak out into interstitial space extermination
swelling over time
- Anaphylactic- severe allergic reaction - massive vasodilation - s/s
BP & CO decrease, swelling
- Septic - result from infection, massive vasodilation s/s BP decrease
decrease, decreased CO swelling
- Spinal shock leads to neurogenic shock - might result in damage to
the sympathetic NS which will cause vasodilation. s/s priapism
blood pulling decreased BP
- Cardiogenic- heart starting to fail s/s decreased co decreased BP
FLUID BUILD UP IN LUNGS
What are the 2 stages of shock? Signs/symptoms of each? -
correct answer ✅compensatory - anxious, pale, cool clammy skin,
higher HR< RR, narrow pulse pressure, equal radiap, normal bP
decompensatory - altered/ unresponsice , higer HR, narrow pulse
pressure, equal radial, normal BP
, LifeStart EMT Trauma Module Review
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade
A+)
What 2 body systems play the biggest roles in the body's response
to shock? What does each do? -
correct answer ✅-nervous: sympathetic nerve stimulation
-endocrine: hormones
What are EMT treatments for shock? -
correct answer ✅secure airway, o2 vis nrb, ventilate prn,
dress/bandage for external bleeding, splint - fractures to reduce
internal bleeding, impaled objesct in place, pelvis for suspected
abdominal bleed with hypotension, apply smr prn
What is the formula for determining the lower limit of the SBP for a
child less than 10 yoa? -
correct answer ✅70mmh + 2*age
How does IV fluid replacement help hemorrhagic shock? What are
its limitations? -
correct answer ✅replaces missing blood in vessels, but cant carry
oxygen to cells
