NSG 5140 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 –
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY – SOUTH
COLLEGE
Which statement is true regarding warm autoimmune hemotlytic anemia?
A) warm autimmune hemolytic anemia occurs primarily in men
B) it is self-limiting and rarely produces hemolysis
C) erythrocytes are bound to macrophages and sequestered in the spleen
D) immunoglobulin M (IgM) coats erythrocytes and binds them to receptors on
monocytes - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Ans: C- erythrocytes are bound to
macrophages and sequestered in the spleen
impairing alveolocapillary membrane diffusion - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Pulmonary edema and pulmonary fibrosis cause hypoxemia by:
a. creating alveolar dead space
b. impairing alveolocapillary membrane diffusion
c. creating a right to left shunt
d. decreasing the oxygen in inspired gas
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:
A) is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative
B) is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive
C) has type A blood and the fetus has type O blood
D) has type AB blood and the fetus has type O blood - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Ans: B- is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive
pulmonary emboli - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Alveolar dead space is a result of:
a. atelectasis
b. pulmonary edema
c. pulmonary emboli
d. pneumonia
capillary permeability - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>The cause of pulmonary edema
in ARDS is the result of increased:
a. oncotic pressure increase by fulminant trauma to the lungs
,b. capillary hydrostatic pressure
c. levels of serum sodium and water
d. capillary permeability
When diagnosed with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), why does the newborn
develop hyperbilirubinemia after birth but not in utero?
A) excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother's circulation
is no longer possible
B) hemoglobin does now break down inot bilirubin in the intrauterin environment
C) the liver of the fetus is too immature to conjugate bilirubin from a lipid-soluble form to
a water-soluble form
D) the destruction of erythtocytes producing bilirubin is greater after birth -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Ans: A- excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the
placenta into the mother's circulation is no longer possible
How does angiotensin II increase the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction
(MI)?
A) by increasing the peripheral vasoconstriction
B) by causing dysrhythmias as a result of hyperkalemia
C) by reducing the contractility of the myocardium
D) by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Ans: C- by reducing the contractility of the myocardium
narrowed pulmonary capillaries - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>ulmonary
hypertension results from which of the following alteration?
a. ischemia of the myocardium
b. narrowed pulmonary capillaries
c. narrow bronchi and bronchioles
d. destruction of alveoli
premature birth - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>The chief predisposing factor for
respiratory distress syndrome (RSD) of the newborn is:
a. smoking during pregnancy
b. premature birth
c. low birth weight
d. mother's alcohol consumption during the formation of lung
What event is a characteristic of the function in Zone I of the lung?
A) blood flow through the pulmonary capillary bed increases in regular increments
B) alveolar pressure is greater than venouse pressure, but not greater than arterial
pressure
C) the capillary bed collapses and normal blood flow ceases
,D) blood flows through Zone I, but it is ipeded to a certain extent by alveolar pressure -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Ans: C- capillary bed collapses and normal blood flow
ceases
What factor associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) causes an infant
to bruise and bleed easily?
A) vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
B) bone marrow function depression
C) iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias
D) prescrbed daily warfarin (Coumadin) - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Ans: A-
vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
vasospasm of one or more coronary arteries - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Prinzmetal angina pain is caused by:
a. abnormal stretching of the ischemic myocardium
b. buildup of lactic acid that irritates myocardial nerve fibers
c. coronary embolus
d. vasospasm of one or more coronary arteries
classical, lectin, alternative - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>3 pathways of the
complement system
aortic stenosis - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>___________________ is the most
common valvular abnormality affecting nearly 2% of adults older than 65 years of age.
a. mitral stenosis
b. aortic stenosis
c. mitral regurgitation
d. aortic regurgitation
Telomeres - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>DNA at the tips of chromosomes, act as
caps that protect internal regions of the chromosomes
asthma - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>This is classified as a chronic inflammatory
disorder of the bronchial mucosa that causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness,
constriction of the airways and variable airflow obstruction that is reversible.
a. pneumonia
b. asthma
c. COPD
d. upper respiratory infection
Strains of Hepatitis - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>A,B,C,D,E
, hepatitis a - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>A 45-yo female is informed that she has
hepatitis. She has been traveling recently and was told that the form that she has is self-
limiting and is transferred via the fecal-oral route. Which of the following types of
hepatitis is she most likely to have contracted?
a. hepatitis c
b. hepatitis a
c. hepatitis b
d. hepatitis d
nephroblastoma - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>A Wilms tumor is also known by the
histologic name:
a. neuroblastoma
b. blastomycosis
c. glioblastoma
d. nephroblastoma
physiologic jaundice - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>A 3-day old infant is noted to
have a mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin level and icterus. Your concern is that this
child may have:
a. physiologic jaundice
b. kernicterus
c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
d. pathologic jaundice
Lysosomes - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Which cell component is capable of
cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
a. lysosomes
b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi
c reticulum
d. golgi complex
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A) lysosomes
B) peroxisomes
C) ribosomes
D) oxyhydrosomes - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Ans: B- peroxisomes
Contain organelles and complex internal membranes - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes:
a. all of these CORRECT ANSWERS are correct
b. are smaller in size
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY – SOUTH
COLLEGE
Which statement is true regarding warm autoimmune hemotlytic anemia?
A) warm autimmune hemolytic anemia occurs primarily in men
B) it is self-limiting and rarely produces hemolysis
C) erythrocytes are bound to macrophages and sequestered in the spleen
D) immunoglobulin M (IgM) coats erythrocytes and binds them to receptors on
monocytes - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Ans: C- erythrocytes are bound to
macrophages and sequestered in the spleen
impairing alveolocapillary membrane diffusion - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Pulmonary edema and pulmonary fibrosis cause hypoxemia by:
a. creating alveolar dead space
b. impairing alveolocapillary membrane diffusion
c. creating a right to left shunt
d. decreasing the oxygen in inspired gas
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:
A) is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative
B) is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive
C) has type A blood and the fetus has type O blood
D) has type AB blood and the fetus has type O blood - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Ans: B- is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive
pulmonary emboli - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Alveolar dead space is a result of:
a. atelectasis
b. pulmonary edema
c. pulmonary emboli
d. pneumonia
capillary permeability - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>The cause of pulmonary edema
in ARDS is the result of increased:
a. oncotic pressure increase by fulminant trauma to the lungs
,b. capillary hydrostatic pressure
c. levels of serum sodium and water
d. capillary permeability
When diagnosed with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), why does the newborn
develop hyperbilirubinemia after birth but not in utero?
A) excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother's circulation
is no longer possible
B) hemoglobin does now break down inot bilirubin in the intrauterin environment
C) the liver of the fetus is too immature to conjugate bilirubin from a lipid-soluble form to
a water-soluble form
D) the destruction of erythtocytes producing bilirubin is greater after birth -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Ans: A- excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the
placenta into the mother's circulation is no longer possible
How does angiotensin II increase the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction
(MI)?
A) by increasing the peripheral vasoconstriction
B) by causing dysrhythmias as a result of hyperkalemia
C) by reducing the contractility of the myocardium
D) by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Ans: C- by reducing the contractility of the myocardium
narrowed pulmonary capillaries - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>ulmonary
hypertension results from which of the following alteration?
a. ischemia of the myocardium
b. narrowed pulmonary capillaries
c. narrow bronchi and bronchioles
d. destruction of alveoli
premature birth - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>The chief predisposing factor for
respiratory distress syndrome (RSD) of the newborn is:
a. smoking during pregnancy
b. premature birth
c. low birth weight
d. mother's alcohol consumption during the formation of lung
What event is a characteristic of the function in Zone I of the lung?
A) blood flow through the pulmonary capillary bed increases in regular increments
B) alveolar pressure is greater than venouse pressure, but not greater than arterial
pressure
C) the capillary bed collapses and normal blood flow ceases
,D) blood flows through Zone I, but it is ipeded to a certain extent by alveolar pressure -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Ans: C- capillary bed collapses and normal blood flow
ceases
What factor associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) causes an infant
to bruise and bleed easily?
A) vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
B) bone marrow function depression
C) iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias
D) prescrbed daily warfarin (Coumadin) - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Ans: A-
vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
vasospasm of one or more coronary arteries - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Prinzmetal angina pain is caused by:
a. abnormal stretching of the ischemic myocardium
b. buildup of lactic acid that irritates myocardial nerve fibers
c. coronary embolus
d. vasospasm of one or more coronary arteries
classical, lectin, alternative - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>3 pathways of the
complement system
aortic stenosis - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>___________________ is the most
common valvular abnormality affecting nearly 2% of adults older than 65 years of age.
a. mitral stenosis
b. aortic stenosis
c. mitral regurgitation
d. aortic regurgitation
Telomeres - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>DNA at the tips of chromosomes, act as
caps that protect internal regions of the chromosomes
asthma - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>This is classified as a chronic inflammatory
disorder of the bronchial mucosa that causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness,
constriction of the airways and variable airflow obstruction that is reversible.
a. pneumonia
b. asthma
c. COPD
d. upper respiratory infection
Strains of Hepatitis - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>A,B,C,D,E
, hepatitis a - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>A 45-yo female is informed that she has
hepatitis. She has been traveling recently and was told that the form that she has is self-
limiting and is transferred via the fecal-oral route. Which of the following types of
hepatitis is she most likely to have contracted?
a. hepatitis c
b. hepatitis a
c. hepatitis b
d. hepatitis d
nephroblastoma - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>A Wilms tumor is also known by the
histologic name:
a. neuroblastoma
b. blastomycosis
c. glioblastoma
d. nephroblastoma
physiologic jaundice - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>A 3-day old infant is noted to
have a mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin level and icterus. Your concern is that this
child may have:
a. physiologic jaundice
b. kernicterus
c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
d. pathologic jaundice
Lysosomes - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Which cell component is capable of
cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
a. lysosomes
b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi
c reticulum
d. golgi complex
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A) lysosomes
B) peroxisomes
C) ribosomes
D) oxyhydrosomes - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Ans: B- peroxisomes
Contain organelles and complex internal membranes - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes:
a. all of these CORRECT ANSWERS are correct
b. are smaller in size
