Acute Transitional Care (NURB 290) Exam 1 Study Guide
DRAFT Questions With Complete Solutions
-Administer insulin to treat DKA
-Rehydration and antidiarrheal drugs to treat prolonged diarrhea
Correct Answers What are interventions for metabolic acidosis?
-Alcoholism
-Chronic diarrhea
-Starvation
-Vitamin D deficiency Correct Answers What are causes of
HYPOphosphatemia?
-Alcoholism
-Metabolic acidosis with dialysis
-Renal failure
-Loop diuretic use Correct Answers What are causes of
HYPOmagnesemia?
-Altered mental status
-Confusion
-Seizures, coma, and even death
-Muscle twitching/weakness
-Decreased cardiac contractility
-Polydipsia (thirst)
-Edema
-Decreased urine output
-Bounding pulse and postural hypotension if due to fluid volume
deficit
,-Increased BP, bounding pulse, and JVD if due to fluid volume
excess Correct Answers What are the s/s of HYPERnatremia?
(Think the brain!)
-Anxiety
-Fear
-High altitude Correct Answers What are the causes of
respiratory alkalosis?
-Anxiety especially with respiratory
-Hypocalcemia (Trousseau's and Chvostek's)
-Hyperreflexia
-Muscle twitching and cramping
-Muscle weakness
-Hypokalemia
-Normal BP (sometimes slightly low)
-Increased HR
-Hyperventilation Correct Answers What are s/s of alkalosis?
-Cancer patients
-Renal failure patients
-Sepsis patients
-Patients with any severe illness Correct Answers What kind of
patients are susceptible to Ca 2+, Mg 2+, and phosphorus
imbalances?
-Cardiac changes
-Decreased nerve impulse transmission
-Muscle weakness
-Respiratory insufficiency
-Nausea/vomiting
, -Hypotension
-Bradycardia Correct Answers What are the s/s of
HYPERmagnesemia? (Similar to hypercalcemia!)
-Cardiac dysrhythmias (ie. v-fib)
-Palpitations
-ECG changes
-Decreased HR
-Decreased BP
-Muscle twitching
-Tingling/numbness
-Diarrhea
-Abdominal cramping Correct Answers What are the s/s of
HYPERkalemia? (Think the heart!)
-Confusion
-Fatigue
-Seizures, coma, and even death
-Muscle weakness
-Abdominal discomfort
-Nausea/vomiting
-Decreased BP
-Weak thready pulse Correct Answers What are the s/s of
HYPOnatremia? (Think the brain!)
-Correct the imbalance by increasing magnesium intake with
nutrition therapy and oral supplements
-Manage the underlying cause
-If severe, drug therapy with magnesium sulfate IV solution
administered slowly to prevent cardiac or respiratory arrest
DRAFT Questions With Complete Solutions
-Administer insulin to treat DKA
-Rehydration and antidiarrheal drugs to treat prolonged diarrhea
Correct Answers What are interventions for metabolic acidosis?
-Alcoholism
-Chronic diarrhea
-Starvation
-Vitamin D deficiency Correct Answers What are causes of
HYPOphosphatemia?
-Alcoholism
-Metabolic acidosis with dialysis
-Renal failure
-Loop diuretic use Correct Answers What are causes of
HYPOmagnesemia?
-Altered mental status
-Confusion
-Seizures, coma, and even death
-Muscle twitching/weakness
-Decreased cardiac contractility
-Polydipsia (thirst)
-Edema
-Decreased urine output
-Bounding pulse and postural hypotension if due to fluid volume
deficit
,-Increased BP, bounding pulse, and JVD if due to fluid volume
excess Correct Answers What are the s/s of HYPERnatremia?
(Think the brain!)
-Anxiety
-Fear
-High altitude Correct Answers What are the causes of
respiratory alkalosis?
-Anxiety especially with respiratory
-Hypocalcemia (Trousseau's and Chvostek's)
-Hyperreflexia
-Muscle twitching and cramping
-Muscle weakness
-Hypokalemia
-Normal BP (sometimes slightly low)
-Increased HR
-Hyperventilation Correct Answers What are s/s of alkalosis?
-Cancer patients
-Renal failure patients
-Sepsis patients
-Patients with any severe illness Correct Answers What kind of
patients are susceptible to Ca 2+, Mg 2+, and phosphorus
imbalances?
-Cardiac changes
-Decreased nerve impulse transmission
-Muscle weakness
-Respiratory insufficiency
-Nausea/vomiting
, -Hypotension
-Bradycardia Correct Answers What are the s/s of
HYPERmagnesemia? (Similar to hypercalcemia!)
-Cardiac dysrhythmias (ie. v-fib)
-Palpitations
-ECG changes
-Decreased HR
-Decreased BP
-Muscle twitching
-Tingling/numbness
-Diarrhea
-Abdominal cramping Correct Answers What are the s/s of
HYPERkalemia? (Think the heart!)
-Confusion
-Fatigue
-Seizures, coma, and even death
-Muscle weakness
-Abdominal discomfort
-Nausea/vomiting
-Decreased BP
-Weak thready pulse Correct Answers What are the s/s of
HYPOnatremia? (Think the brain!)
-Correct the imbalance by increasing magnesium intake with
nutrition therapy and oral supplements
-Manage the underlying cause
-If severe, drug therapy with magnesium sulfate IV solution
administered slowly to prevent cardiac or respiratory arrest
