Acute Transitional Care (NURB 290) Final Exam Study Guide DRAFT with correct answers 100% 2026

Acute Transitional Care (NURB 290) Final Exam Study Guide DRAFT with correct answers 100% 2026 A colloid is a plasma expander (thicker fluid with protein) that pulls fluid into the bloodstream and may be given when a patient's blood volume does not improve with crystalloids. Examples of colloid volume expanders are albumin, dextran, hetastarch, and plasma protein fraction. - Correct Answer What is a colloid, and what are some examples? Isotonic solutions are used to replace fluids lost from severe vomiting/diarrhea, during blood product transfusions, and for rehydration and hyponatremia. Examples of isotonic solutions are 0.9% NaCl, D5W in the bag, and lactated ringer solution. - Correct Answer What are isotonic solutions used for, and what are some examples? Hypotonic solutions are used to treat patients with cellular dehydration, hypernatremia, and DKA/hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. Hypotonic solutions include 0.45% NaCl and already infused D5W. - Correct Answer What are hypotonic solutions used for, and what are some examples? Hypertonic solutions are used to treat hyponatremia and hypochloremia. Hypertonic solutions include mannitol and 3.0% NaCl. - Correct Answer What are hypertonic solutions used for, and what are some examples? -Hypernatremia -Vomiting -Hyperglycemia -Diuretics -Diarrhea -Burns -Hemorrhage -NG tubes -Traumatic wounds -Fever -Hyperventilation/increased respiratory rate -- insensible (nonmeasurable) fluid loss - Correct Answer What are causes of dehydration? -Increased electrolyte levels -Increased hematocrit -Increased BUN -Increased serum osmolality - Correct Answer What lab test results would we see for dehydration? -Decreased BP -Increased HR -Decreased skin turgor -Dry skin -Dry mouth -Decreased urine output -Weak pulse -Orthostatic hypotension -Thirst -Confusion -Rapid weight loss - Correct Answer What are the s/s of dehydration/fluid volume deficit? -Restore fluid balance by using fluid replacement either orally or via IV, identifying and treating the underlying cause, and using drug therapy if needed -Monitor LOC, weight, urine color, input and output of fluids, VS, and skin assessment -Prevent injury (ie. risk for falls due to orthostatic hypotension) -Educate the patient to avoid rapid position changes -Teach the patient the appropriate diet and fluid intake and how to weigh themselves weekly -Teach the patient signs of a fluid volume deficit - Correct Answer What interventions would a nurse take for a patient with dehydration? -Pitting edema in dependent areas -Increased HR -Bounding pulse -Increased BP -JVD -Increased GI motility/diarrhea -Decreased LOC -Confusion -Headache -Muscle weakness -Increased RR -Shallow breathing -Shortness of breath -Crackles -Cool, pale skin -Enlarged liver -Rapid weight gain - Correct Answer What are s/s of fluid overload/fluid volume excess? -Normal electrolytes at first in an isotonic fluid overload, but decreased electrolytes as the overload gets worse -Decreased Hgb/hematocrit -Decreased protein levels - Correct Answer What lab results would we see with fluid overload? -Restore fluid balance with drug therapy (diuretics) -Nutrition therapy with fluid restrictions and a low Na+ diet -Monitor VS, weight, and lab values -Provide supportive care by giving O2 if necessary -Keep the fluid imbalance from getting worse to avoid pulmonary edema, heart failure, and complications from electrolyte dilution -Prevent future overload -Educate the patient on when and how to weigh themselves -Teach the patient about food labels, so the patient knows where to find the Na+ content and serving size -Teach the patient to call the health care provider when they have gained more than 3 lb in a week or more than 2 lb in a day -Teach the patient to properly take diuretics - Correct Answer What interventions would a nurse take for a patient with fluid overload? -Na+ levels -K+ levels -Cl- levels -CO2 levels -BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels -Cr (creatinine) levels -Glucose levels -Ca 2+ levels - Correct Answer What does a basic metabolic panel (BMP) include? -WBCs (indicate infection/inflammation) -Platelets (important for clotting)