MED-SURG NGN EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS 2026
▶ What does a KOH (potassium hydroxide) prep help the nurse practitioner
diagnose?
A) Herpes zoster infections
B) Yeast infections
C) Herpes simplex infections
D) Viral infections. Answer: B) Yeast infections
The KOH prep test is performed by placing a sample of dis- charge on a
glass slide, with one drop of potassium hydroxide and a coverslip on top to
evaluate for yeast infections. Budding spores and pseudohyphae will be
seen with Candida, with a pH of 3.5-4.5.
▶ All of the following are considered selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs) except:
A) Imipramine (Elavil)
B) Fluoxetine (Prozac)
C) Sertraline (Zoloft)
D) Paroxetine (Paxil CR). Answer: A) Imipramine (Elavil)
Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil CR are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Elavil is a tricyclic antidepressant.
▶ All of the following tests require the patient's voice to perform correctly
except:
A) Egophony
B) Tactile fremitus
C) Whispered pectoriloquy
,D) Auscultation. Answer: D) Auscultation
Egophony, tactile fremitus, and whispered pectoriloquy require the patient
to speak. Auscultation is listening to an organ with the use of a
stethoscope.
▶ While checking for the red reflex on a 3-year-old boy during a well child
visit, a white reflection is seen on the child's left pupil. Which of the
following conditions should be ruled out?
A) Unilateral strabismus
B) Unilateral cataracts
C) Retinoblastoma of the left eye
D) Color blindness of the left eye. Answer: C) Retinoblastoma of the left
eye
Retinoblastoma is a rare type of cancer in which a cancerous tumor of the
retina is present. This is diagnosed by noting a pupil that appears white or
has white spots on it. One or both eyes may be affected. It is often seen in
photographs, where there will be a white glow in the eye instead of the
usual "red eye" noted in pictures from the flash.
▶ All of the following infections are reportable diseases except:
A) Lyme disease
B) Gonorrhea
C) Nongonococcal urethritis
D) Syphilis. Answer: C) Nongonococcal urethritis
The public health department requires all agencies to report Lyme disease,
gonorrhea, and syphilis. Statistics of these reportable diseases are kept in
each state.
▶ A menopausal woman with osteopenia is attending a dietary education
class. Which of the following foods are recommended?
A) Yogurt and sardines
B) Spinach and red meat
C) Cheese and red meat
D) Low-fat cheese and whole grain. Answer: A) Yogurt and sardines
,Postmenopausal women are advised to increase their dietary intake of
calcium and vitamin D to help protect their bones from osteope-
nia/osteoporosis. Foods that are high in calcium and vitamin D include
yogurt and sardines.
▶ A patient who is on warfarin sodium (Coumadin) is advised to avoid
eating large amounts of leafy green vegetables because:
A) The high Vitamin K levels will increase bleeding time
B) They have too much ascorbic acid, which can interact with the medicine
C) The high fiber content will decrease the absorption of the Coumadin
D) The vitamins in the vegetables will bind and inactivate Coumadin.
Answer: A) The high Vitamin K levels will increase bleeding time
Foods containing Vitamin K may enhance the anticoagulation effect of
Coumadin, thus increasing bleeding time.
▶ You are following up a 65-year-old male who has been on a new
prescription of fluvastatin (Lescol) for 6 weeks. During a follow-up visit, he
reports feeling extremely fatigued and having dark-colored urine. He denies
any generalized muscle soreness. Which of the following is the most
appropriate treatment plan?
A) Order a CBC with differential
B) Order a liver function profile
C) Recommend an increase in fluid intake and rest
D) Order a urine for C&S test. Answer: B) Order a liver function profile
Statin medications, such as Lescol, can affect liver function and increase
liver enzymes, as well as cause the patient to feel weak, fatigued, and have
muscle aches. Therefore, checking the liver function profile is
recommended.
▶ Which of the following diagnoses is most likely in this patient?
A) Rhabdomyolysis
B) Acute drug-induced hepatitis
, C) Acute mononucleosis
D) A major depressive episode. Answer: B) Acute drug-induced hepatitis
Liver enzymes, such as ALT and AST, can be elevated with the use of
medications, such as statin medications. High liver enzymes can cause an
acute drug-induced hepatitis.
▶ What would you advise him regarding his fluvastatin (Lescol)
prescription?
A) Continue taking the medicine until the lab results are available
B) Take half the usual daily dose until the lab results are available
C) Take the medicine every other day instead of daily until the lab results
are available
D) Stop taking the medicine until the lab results are available. Answer: D)
Stop taking the medicine until the lab results are available
When liver enzymes are affected by medications, such as statin
medications, the patient is advised to stop taking the medicine until the lab
results are available.
▶ All of the following children are within the parameters of normal growth
and development for their age group except:
A) A 2-month-old who coos and smiles
B) A 14-month-old who understands complex commands
C) A 20-month-old who can walk without support
D) A 3-year-old who can speak in three- to four-word sentences. Answer:
B) A 14-month-old who understands complex commands
A 14-month-old child should developmentally be able to say "mama" and
"dada," know his own name, and know at least 2-4 words. A 2-year-old is
able to understand simple commands.
▶ You are reviewing the bilirubin level on a 3-day-old full-term neonate.
You note that it is 10 mg/dL. The infant has a slight yellow color to his skin,
mucous membranes, and sclera. The infant is feeding well, is not irritable,
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS 2026
▶ What does a KOH (potassium hydroxide) prep help the nurse practitioner
diagnose?
A) Herpes zoster infections
B) Yeast infections
C) Herpes simplex infections
D) Viral infections. Answer: B) Yeast infections
The KOH prep test is performed by placing a sample of dis- charge on a
glass slide, with one drop of potassium hydroxide and a coverslip on top to
evaluate for yeast infections. Budding spores and pseudohyphae will be
seen with Candida, with a pH of 3.5-4.5.
▶ All of the following are considered selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs) except:
A) Imipramine (Elavil)
B) Fluoxetine (Prozac)
C) Sertraline (Zoloft)
D) Paroxetine (Paxil CR). Answer: A) Imipramine (Elavil)
Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil CR are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Elavil is a tricyclic antidepressant.
▶ All of the following tests require the patient's voice to perform correctly
except:
A) Egophony
B) Tactile fremitus
C) Whispered pectoriloquy
,D) Auscultation. Answer: D) Auscultation
Egophony, tactile fremitus, and whispered pectoriloquy require the patient
to speak. Auscultation is listening to an organ with the use of a
stethoscope.
▶ While checking for the red reflex on a 3-year-old boy during a well child
visit, a white reflection is seen on the child's left pupil. Which of the
following conditions should be ruled out?
A) Unilateral strabismus
B) Unilateral cataracts
C) Retinoblastoma of the left eye
D) Color blindness of the left eye. Answer: C) Retinoblastoma of the left
eye
Retinoblastoma is a rare type of cancer in which a cancerous tumor of the
retina is present. This is diagnosed by noting a pupil that appears white or
has white spots on it. One or both eyes may be affected. It is often seen in
photographs, where there will be a white glow in the eye instead of the
usual "red eye" noted in pictures from the flash.
▶ All of the following infections are reportable diseases except:
A) Lyme disease
B) Gonorrhea
C) Nongonococcal urethritis
D) Syphilis. Answer: C) Nongonococcal urethritis
The public health department requires all agencies to report Lyme disease,
gonorrhea, and syphilis. Statistics of these reportable diseases are kept in
each state.
▶ A menopausal woman with osteopenia is attending a dietary education
class. Which of the following foods are recommended?
A) Yogurt and sardines
B) Spinach and red meat
C) Cheese and red meat
D) Low-fat cheese and whole grain. Answer: A) Yogurt and sardines
,Postmenopausal women are advised to increase their dietary intake of
calcium and vitamin D to help protect their bones from osteope-
nia/osteoporosis. Foods that are high in calcium and vitamin D include
yogurt and sardines.
▶ A patient who is on warfarin sodium (Coumadin) is advised to avoid
eating large amounts of leafy green vegetables because:
A) The high Vitamin K levels will increase bleeding time
B) They have too much ascorbic acid, which can interact with the medicine
C) The high fiber content will decrease the absorption of the Coumadin
D) The vitamins in the vegetables will bind and inactivate Coumadin.
Answer: A) The high Vitamin K levels will increase bleeding time
Foods containing Vitamin K may enhance the anticoagulation effect of
Coumadin, thus increasing bleeding time.
▶ You are following up a 65-year-old male who has been on a new
prescription of fluvastatin (Lescol) for 6 weeks. During a follow-up visit, he
reports feeling extremely fatigued and having dark-colored urine. He denies
any generalized muscle soreness. Which of the following is the most
appropriate treatment plan?
A) Order a CBC with differential
B) Order a liver function profile
C) Recommend an increase in fluid intake and rest
D) Order a urine for C&S test. Answer: B) Order a liver function profile
Statin medications, such as Lescol, can affect liver function and increase
liver enzymes, as well as cause the patient to feel weak, fatigued, and have
muscle aches. Therefore, checking the liver function profile is
recommended.
▶ Which of the following diagnoses is most likely in this patient?
A) Rhabdomyolysis
B) Acute drug-induced hepatitis
, C) Acute mononucleosis
D) A major depressive episode. Answer: B) Acute drug-induced hepatitis
Liver enzymes, such as ALT and AST, can be elevated with the use of
medications, such as statin medications. High liver enzymes can cause an
acute drug-induced hepatitis.
▶ What would you advise him regarding his fluvastatin (Lescol)
prescription?
A) Continue taking the medicine until the lab results are available
B) Take half the usual daily dose until the lab results are available
C) Take the medicine every other day instead of daily until the lab results
are available
D) Stop taking the medicine until the lab results are available. Answer: D)
Stop taking the medicine until the lab results are available
When liver enzymes are affected by medications, such as statin
medications, the patient is advised to stop taking the medicine until the lab
results are available.
▶ All of the following children are within the parameters of normal growth
and development for their age group except:
A) A 2-month-old who coos and smiles
B) A 14-month-old who understands complex commands
C) A 20-month-old who can walk without support
D) A 3-year-old who can speak in three- to four-word sentences. Answer:
B) A 14-month-old who understands complex commands
A 14-month-old child should developmentally be able to say "mama" and
"dada," know his own name, and know at least 2-4 words. A 2-year-old is
able to understand simple commands.
▶ You are reviewing the bilirubin level on a 3-day-old full-term neonate.
You note that it is 10 mg/dL. The infant has a slight yellow color to his skin,
mucous membranes, and sclera. The infant is feeding well, is not irritable,
