BIOD 331 Module 1 Exam 2025 |
Pathophysiology Exam | Complete
Questions and Correct CORRECT
ANSWERS | Graded A+ | Verified
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Pathophysiology is defined as not only the cellular and organ changes
that occur with disease, but also the effects that these changes have on total body
function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Etiologic factors are the causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you don't necessarily
develop the disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism.
Nutritional excess in carbohydrates can lead to irritable bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Congenital:
present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
What is the difference between morphology and histology? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Morphology is defined as the fundamental structure or form of cells or
tissues. Histology is the study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an example of each. -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>These both relate to manifestations of a disease. Signs
is an objective manifestation while symptoms are a subjective complaint. Signs are
apparent to the physician, symptoms are apparent to the patient.
What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Patient history, diagnostic testing, and a physical examination.
Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Validity: how a tool measures what it is intended to measure i.e. the
,correct tool to do the job, such as using a blood pressure cuff to measure blood
pressure
Reliability: likelihood of yielding the same result of a test, usually dependent on
someone's experience and skill level
Sensitivity: proportion of people with a disease who test positive
Specificity: people without the disease who test negative for it
Define epidemiology and name some things that it tracks. - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence. It tracks the health of a
community by tracking age, race, nutritional habits and locations.
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Incidence is the number of new cases in the population at a given time,
prevalence is the number of cases that exist in the population at a given time.
Define mortality and morbidity. - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Mortality is the reason
for death in a population. Morbidity is the effect of the illness on someone's life, as it
pertains to their quality of life.
Define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and give an example of each. -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Primary prevention is what a person does to prevent a
disease from occurring, for example eating healthy and exercising.
Secondary prevention is aiming to detect and treat diseases when they are either still
curable or asymptomatic. An example of this is a colonoscopy
Tertiary prevention is when a disease is diagnosed and clinical interventions happen to
cause further complications. For example, using medication to reduce the risk of future
heart attacks.
Why is evidence-based practice important? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Evidence-
based practice is important because medical professions follow up-to-date information
and studies in order to treat diseases. This ensures that new treatment options are
followed, preventing physicians from using outdates practices that no longer benefit the
patient.
What are the 3 primary structures of the cell? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>The
nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
What is the function of the nucleus? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>The nucleus is
the control center for the cell and contains most of the hereditary material, DNA and
RNA.
Name 3 structures within the nucleus. - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Chromatin,
nucleolus, and nuclear envelope
What are the roles of the ribosomes, rough ER, and smooth ER? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Ribosomes synthesize proteins.
, Rough ER carries ribosomes and synthesizes lysosomal enzymes.
Smooth ER NO RIBOSOMES. Creates lipids, lipoproteins, and steroid hormones.
What is the function of the lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria? -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Lysosomes break down proteins.
Peroxisomes break down free radicals through the secretion of an enzyme that breaks
down peroxides.
Mitochondria are the power house of the cell. They transform organic compounds into
cellular energy.
What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Pathophysiology is defined as not only the cellular and organ changes
that occur with disease, but also the effects that these changes have on total body
function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Etiologic factors are the causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you don't necessarily
develop the disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism.
Nutritional excess in carbohydrates can lead to irritable bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Congenital:
present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
What is the difference between morphology and histology? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Morphology is defined as the fundamental structure or form of cells or
tissues. Histology is the study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an example of each. -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>These both relate to manifestations of a disease. Signs
is an objective manifestation while symptoms are a subjective complaint. Signs are
apparent to the physician, symptoms are apparent to the patient.
What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Patient history, diagnostic testing, and a physical examination.
Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Validity: how a tool measures what it is intended to measure i.e. the
correct tool to do the job, such as using a blood pressure cuff to measure blood
pressure
Reliability: likelihood of yielding the same result of a test, usually dependent on
someone's experience and skill level
Pathophysiology Exam | Complete
Questions and Correct CORRECT
ANSWERS | Graded A+ | Verified
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Pathophysiology is defined as not only the cellular and organ changes
that occur with disease, but also the effects that these changes have on total body
function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Etiologic factors are the causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you don't necessarily
develop the disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism.
Nutritional excess in carbohydrates can lead to irritable bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Congenital:
present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
What is the difference between morphology and histology? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Morphology is defined as the fundamental structure or form of cells or
tissues. Histology is the study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an example of each. -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>These both relate to manifestations of a disease. Signs
is an objective manifestation while symptoms are a subjective complaint. Signs are
apparent to the physician, symptoms are apparent to the patient.
What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Patient history, diagnostic testing, and a physical examination.
Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Validity: how a tool measures what it is intended to measure i.e. the
,correct tool to do the job, such as using a blood pressure cuff to measure blood
pressure
Reliability: likelihood of yielding the same result of a test, usually dependent on
someone's experience and skill level
Sensitivity: proportion of people with a disease who test positive
Specificity: people without the disease who test negative for it
Define epidemiology and name some things that it tracks. - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence. It tracks the health of a
community by tracking age, race, nutritional habits and locations.
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Incidence is the number of new cases in the population at a given time,
prevalence is the number of cases that exist in the population at a given time.
Define mortality and morbidity. - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Mortality is the reason
for death in a population. Morbidity is the effect of the illness on someone's life, as it
pertains to their quality of life.
Define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and give an example of each. -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Primary prevention is what a person does to prevent a
disease from occurring, for example eating healthy and exercising.
Secondary prevention is aiming to detect and treat diseases when they are either still
curable or asymptomatic. An example of this is a colonoscopy
Tertiary prevention is when a disease is diagnosed and clinical interventions happen to
cause further complications. For example, using medication to reduce the risk of future
heart attacks.
Why is evidence-based practice important? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Evidence-
based practice is important because medical professions follow up-to-date information
and studies in order to treat diseases. This ensures that new treatment options are
followed, preventing physicians from using outdates practices that no longer benefit the
patient.
What are the 3 primary structures of the cell? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>The
nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
What is the function of the nucleus? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>The nucleus is
the control center for the cell and contains most of the hereditary material, DNA and
RNA.
Name 3 structures within the nucleus. - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Chromatin,
nucleolus, and nuclear envelope
What are the roles of the ribosomes, rough ER, and smooth ER? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Ribosomes synthesize proteins.
, Rough ER carries ribosomes and synthesizes lysosomal enzymes.
Smooth ER NO RIBOSOMES. Creates lipids, lipoproteins, and steroid hormones.
What is the function of the lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria? -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Lysosomes break down proteins.
Peroxisomes break down free radicals through the secretion of an enzyme that breaks
down peroxides.
Mitochondria are the power house of the cell. They transform organic compounds into
cellular energy.
What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Pathophysiology is defined as not only the cellular and organ changes
that occur with disease, but also the effects that these changes have on total body
function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Etiologic factors are the causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you don't necessarily
develop the disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism.
Nutritional excess in carbohydrates can lead to irritable bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Congenital:
present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
What is the difference between morphology and histology? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Morphology is defined as the fundamental structure or form of cells or
tissues. Histology is the study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an example of each. -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>These both relate to manifestations of a disease. Signs
is an objective manifestation while symptoms are a subjective complaint. Signs are
apparent to the physician, symptoms are apparent to the patient.
What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Patient history, diagnostic testing, and a physical examination.
Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Validity: how a tool measures what it is intended to measure i.e. the
correct tool to do the job, such as using a blood pressure cuff to measure blood
pressure
Reliability: likelihood of yielding the same result of a test, usually dependent on
someone's experience and skill level
