NSG 5003 CERTIFICATION EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2026
▶ Oxidative phosphorylation. Answer: occurs in mitochondria; mechanism
by which energy is produced from carbs, fats, & proteins
▶ Atrophy. Answer: decrease in cellular size
▶ Hypertophy. Answer: increase in cellular size by increased work
demand or hormonal situation
▶ Hyperplasia. Answer: increase cellular number by increased cellular
division
▶ Dysplasia. Answer: abnormal change in size, shape, & organization of
mature tissue cells
▶ Metaplasia. Answer: reversible replacement of one mature cell type by
another less mature cell type
▶ Cell Injury. Answer: caused by hypoxia
▶ Free Radicals. Answer: can cause lipid peroxidation or destruction of
unsaturated fatty acids, alterations of proteins, & alterations in DNA
▶ Apoptosis. Answer: cell death from programmed, selective self
destruction
▶ Necrosis. Answer: sum of changes after local cell death & includes
inflammation & cell lysis
▶ PTH. Answer: parathyroid hormone
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2026
▶ Oxidative phosphorylation. Answer: occurs in mitochondria; mechanism
by which energy is produced from carbs, fats, & proteins
▶ Atrophy. Answer: decrease in cellular size
▶ Hypertophy. Answer: increase in cellular size by increased work
demand or hormonal situation
▶ Hyperplasia. Answer: increase cellular number by increased cellular
division
▶ Dysplasia. Answer: abnormal change in size, shape, & organization of
mature tissue cells
▶ Metaplasia. Answer: reversible replacement of one mature cell type by
another less mature cell type
▶ Cell Injury. Answer: caused by hypoxia
▶ Free Radicals. Answer: can cause lipid peroxidation or destruction of
unsaturated fatty acids, alterations of proteins, & alterations in DNA
▶ Apoptosis. Answer: cell death from programmed, selective self
destruction
▶ Necrosis. Answer: sum of changes after local cell death & includes
inflammation & cell lysis
▶ PTH. Answer: parathyroid hormone
