BIO 132 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers (A+ Solution guide)
What are the seven characteristics of all living things? - Answer- They are:
1. Organized
2. Metabolize
3. Reproduce
4. Grow and develop
5. They have homeostasis
6. Respond to stimuli
7. Evolve
How are all living things organized? - Answer- Because they are all made up of the
same basic structures. I.e.:
Atoms make molecules, which make cells, which make tissues, which multiple together
make organs, which make organ systems, which make an Organism. Then those make
populations, which make communities, which make ecosystems, which make the
biosphere.
How do organisms acquire and utilize materials and energy, i.e., metabolize? - Answer-
Humans and other creatures do by eating food, and plants do from sunlight and soil.
Define reproduction? - Answer- When cells come into being from pre-existing cells,
which means that all living things have parents. DNA enables living organisms to pass
on hereditary info from parent to child.
Compare and contrast growth and development. - Answer- In humans, development
includes all the changes that occur from the time the egg is fertilized until death. Growth
is an increase in size (hypertrophy) and often an increase in the number of cells
(hyperplasia) and is included in development. The repair that takes place following an
injury is also a part of development.
Define homeostasis and know how various organ systems contribute to homeostasis. -
Answer- Homeostasis is an internal environment for cells that usually varies only within
certain limits.
The cardiovascular system and the nervous system work together to maintain a
constant temperature; the digestive system takes in nutrients; the respiratory system
exchanges gases with the environment; the cardiovascular system distributes nutrients
and oxygen to the cells and picks up their waste; the urinary system excretes metabolic
waste; the nervous and endocrine systems coordinate the functions of all the other
systems.
, Define how animals respond to stimuli. - Answer- Living things respond to external
stimuli, often by moving toward or away from a stimulus. E.x., drawing your hand away
from a hot burner, moving towards food, a plant following the sun.
How is evolution responsible for both the unity and diversity of life? - Answer- Evolution
is the process by which a species changes over time. It explains the unity of all life since
it all came from an original cell and share seven characteristics, and the diversity
because species adapt to their environments, which makes them different depending on
where they live.
What are the three domains of life? - Answer- Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Describe the domain Bacteria. - Answer- **Don't forget to put in the rest of the study
guide for Chapter 1.
*PUT THE REST OF CHAPTER 1 STUDY GUIDE ON* - Answer- Okay
Define Matter - Answer- Anything that takes up space and has mass/weight (can exist
as a solid, liquid, or gas).
Describe an Element - Answer- The things that all matter is composed of; there are 92
natural elements and each one has a unique name and symbol. The building blocks of
matter that can not be taken apart by ordinary chemical means.
Describe the organization of an atom including its subatomic particles. - Answer-
Subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively
charged, electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons aren't charged at all (which is
why they're *neutr*al). Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus (center) of an atom
while the electrons orbit around it. The atomic number is the number of protons (and
therefore electrons, since they're the same amount), and the atomic weight (the number
on the bottom of the symbol) is equal to the number of protons and neutrons.
The first ring orbiting around the nucleus can hold 2 electrons. The next ring can hold 8,
and the next one can hold 18(?). The outermost ring is called the valence shell, and it
likes to be full in order for it to be stable.
What are Isotopes? - Answer- Isotopes are atoms that have the same atomic number
but different amounts of neutrons (e.x. C12, C13, C14). Most of them are stable, but
some emit radiation.
Describe atoms with low levels of radiation. - Answer- They are radioactive isotopes that
behave in the same way that their stable isotope does. Low radioactive isotopes are
used in many medical treatments.
Describe atoms with High levels of radiation. - Answer- These radioactive isotopes can
be harmful to human health, although they are used for cancer therapy and sterilizing
things. Accidents at nuclear power plants, however, can have long-ranging effects.
Answers (A+ Solution guide)
What are the seven characteristics of all living things? - Answer- They are:
1. Organized
2. Metabolize
3. Reproduce
4. Grow and develop
5. They have homeostasis
6. Respond to stimuli
7. Evolve
How are all living things organized? - Answer- Because they are all made up of the
same basic structures. I.e.:
Atoms make molecules, which make cells, which make tissues, which multiple together
make organs, which make organ systems, which make an Organism. Then those make
populations, which make communities, which make ecosystems, which make the
biosphere.
How do organisms acquire and utilize materials and energy, i.e., metabolize? - Answer-
Humans and other creatures do by eating food, and plants do from sunlight and soil.
Define reproduction? - Answer- When cells come into being from pre-existing cells,
which means that all living things have parents. DNA enables living organisms to pass
on hereditary info from parent to child.
Compare and contrast growth and development. - Answer- In humans, development
includes all the changes that occur from the time the egg is fertilized until death. Growth
is an increase in size (hypertrophy) and often an increase in the number of cells
(hyperplasia) and is included in development. The repair that takes place following an
injury is also a part of development.
Define homeostasis and know how various organ systems contribute to homeostasis. -
Answer- Homeostasis is an internal environment for cells that usually varies only within
certain limits.
The cardiovascular system and the nervous system work together to maintain a
constant temperature; the digestive system takes in nutrients; the respiratory system
exchanges gases with the environment; the cardiovascular system distributes nutrients
and oxygen to the cells and picks up their waste; the urinary system excretes metabolic
waste; the nervous and endocrine systems coordinate the functions of all the other
systems.
, Define how animals respond to stimuli. - Answer- Living things respond to external
stimuli, often by moving toward or away from a stimulus. E.x., drawing your hand away
from a hot burner, moving towards food, a plant following the sun.
How is evolution responsible for both the unity and diversity of life? - Answer- Evolution
is the process by which a species changes over time. It explains the unity of all life since
it all came from an original cell and share seven characteristics, and the diversity
because species adapt to their environments, which makes them different depending on
where they live.
What are the three domains of life? - Answer- Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Describe the domain Bacteria. - Answer- **Don't forget to put in the rest of the study
guide for Chapter 1.
*PUT THE REST OF CHAPTER 1 STUDY GUIDE ON* - Answer- Okay
Define Matter - Answer- Anything that takes up space and has mass/weight (can exist
as a solid, liquid, or gas).
Describe an Element - Answer- The things that all matter is composed of; there are 92
natural elements and each one has a unique name and symbol. The building blocks of
matter that can not be taken apart by ordinary chemical means.
Describe the organization of an atom including its subatomic particles. - Answer-
Subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively
charged, electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons aren't charged at all (which is
why they're *neutr*al). Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus (center) of an atom
while the electrons orbit around it. The atomic number is the number of protons (and
therefore electrons, since they're the same amount), and the atomic weight (the number
on the bottom of the symbol) is equal to the number of protons and neutrons.
The first ring orbiting around the nucleus can hold 2 electrons. The next ring can hold 8,
and the next one can hold 18(?). The outermost ring is called the valence shell, and it
likes to be full in order for it to be stable.
What are Isotopes? - Answer- Isotopes are atoms that have the same atomic number
but different amounts of neutrons (e.x. C12, C13, C14). Most of them are stable, but
some emit radiation.
Describe atoms with low levels of radiation. - Answer- They are radioactive isotopes that
behave in the same way that their stable isotope does. Low radioactive isotopes are
used in many medical treatments.
Describe atoms with High levels of radiation. - Answer- These radioactive isotopes can
be harmful to human health, although they are used for cancer therapy and sterilizing
things. Accidents at nuclear power plants, however, can have long-ranging effects.
