NSG 6998 EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS 2026
▶ A faun tail nevus is a sign of which of the following?
A) Down syndrome
B) Infantile scoliosis
C) Congenital heart disease
D) Spina bifida. Answer: D) Spina bifida
A faun tail nevus is an abnormal tuft of hair in the lumbosacral area, which
can be a sign of spina bifida.
▶ Jenny, a 21-year-old, complains to you of a 1-week episode of dysuria,
frequency, and a strong odor to her urine. This is her second episode of the
year. What is the most appropriate follow-up for this patient?
A) Order a urinalysis and urine for culture and sensitivity (C&S) and treat
the patient with antibiotics
B) Order a urine C&S and hold treatment until you get the results from the
lab
C) Treat the patient with a 7-day course of antibiotics and order a urine for
culture
and sensitivity (urine C&S) now and after she completes her antibiotics
D) Treat the patient with a stronger drug such as ofloxacin (Floxin) for 10
days. Answer: A) Order a urinalysis and urine for culture and sensitivity
(C&S) and treat the patient with antibiotics
The best treatment for this patient is to order the urinalysis and urine C&S
to identify the organism causing the infection. Treatment may begin while
waiting for the culture results. However, occasionally treatment may have
,to be changed after the culture/sensitivity results return, due to resistance
to the antibiotic used.
▶ -au-lait spots look like tan-to-light brown stains that have irregular
borders. They can be located anywhere on the body. Which of the following
is a correct statement?
A) They are associated with neurofibromatosis or von Recklinghausen's
disease
B) They may be considered as precancerous after a biopsy
C) They are more common in darker-skinned children
D) They are associated with Wilson's disease. Answer: A) They are
associated with neurofibromatosis or von Recklinghausen's disease
-au-lait spots are caused by an increase in melanin content, often with
the presence of giant melanosomes. They have irregular borders and vary
in color from light to dark brown. Neurofibromatosis causes tumors to grow
in the nervous system, and these tumors commo
-au-lait spots.
▶ During the eye exam of a 50-year-old hypertensive patient who is
complaining of an onset of a severe headache, you find that the borders of
the disc margins on both eyes are blurred. What is the name of this clinical
finding?
A) Normal optic disc
B) Optic neuropathy
C) Papilledema
D) Hypertensive retinopathy. Answer: C) Papilledema
Papilledema is defined as having optic disc swelling that is caused by
increased intracranial pressure. It is commonly seen in both eyes and can
develop over a time period of hours or weeks. Headache is a common
complaint.
▶ A high school teacher complains of a dry cough for the past 6 weeks. It
worsens when he is supine. He has episodes of heartburn, which he self-
treats with an over- the-counter (OTC) antacid. He chews mints for his "bad
,breath." Which of the fol- lowing is a possible cause for this patient's
cough?
A) Asthma
B) Gastroesophageal reflux
C) Pneumonia
D) Chronic postnasal drip. Answer: B) Gastroesophageal reflux
GERD is a condition in which food comes up from the stomach/esophagus
due to a weak sphincter. It usually worsens with lying down and can cause
a cough and esophageal irritation if not treated.
▶ The red reflex is elicited by shining a light in the eyes of the infant at an
angle with the light about 15 in. away. The nurse practitioner is screening
for?
A) Cataracts
B) Strabismus
C) Blindness
D) The blinking response. Answer: A) Cataracts
Screening for cataracts is performed by shining a light into the eyes at an
angle, approximately 15 inches away. If the red reflex is not elicited, then
cataracts are present.
▶ A 44-year-old patient with Down syndrome starts to develop impaired
memory and difficulty with his usual daily life routines. He is having
problems functioning at the job that he has done for the past 10 years. The
physical exam and routine labs are all negative. The vital signs are normal.
His appetite is normal. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) Tic douloureux
B) A stroke
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) Delirium. Answer: C) Alzheimer's disease
Delirium is an acute decline in mental status and is temporary. Common
causes are fever, shock, drugs, alcohol, and dehydration. Alzheimer's
disease is a permanent change to the brain that causes short-term memory
loss, agnosia, apraxia, and aphasia. In this case, the patient's physical
, exam is normal; however, he is having memory loss and difficulty working
and carrying out his normal tasks
▶ Which of the following findings is associated with the chronic use of
chewing tobacco?
A) Cheilosis and xerostomia
B) Glossitis
C) A geographic tongue
D) Leukoplakia and oral cancer. Answer: D) Leukoplakia and oral cancer
The chronic use of tobacco increases the risk of oral cancer and
leukoplakia. Cheilosis is skin fissures/maceration in the corner of the
mouth, most commonly caused by anemia, bacterial infection, vitamin
deficiencies, or oversalivation.
▶ Which of the following is recommended treatment for erythema migrans
or early Lyme disease?
A) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) 100 mg PO BID x 21 days
B) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 250 mg PO BID x 14 days
C) Erythromycin (E-mycin) 333 mg PO TID x 10 days
D) Dicloxacillin 500 mg PO BID x 10 days. Answer: A) Doxycycline
(Vibramycin) 100 mg PO BID x 21 days
The CDC-recom- mended treatment for erythema migrans or Lyme disease
is doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 21 days.
▶ Nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists derive their legal right to
practice from:
A) The Nurse Practice Act of the state where they practice
B) The laws of the state where they practice
C) The Medicare statute
D) The Board of Nursing in the state where they practice. Answer: A) The
Nurse Practice Act of the state where they practice
The Nurse Practice Act provides nurses with the legal right to practice
nursing. The State Board of Nursing is the agency that enforces the Nurse
WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS 2026
▶ A faun tail nevus is a sign of which of the following?
A) Down syndrome
B) Infantile scoliosis
C) Congenital heart disease
D) Spina bifida. Answer: D) Spina bifida
A faun tail nevus is an abnormal tuft of hair in the lumbosacral area, which
can be a sign of spina bifida.
▶ Jenny, a 21-year-old, complains to you of a 1-week episode of dysuria,
frequency, and a strong odor to her urine. This is her second episode of the
year. What is the most appropriate follow-up for this patient?
A) Order a urinalysis and urine for culture and sensitivity (C&S) and treat
the patient with antibiotics
B) Order a urine C&S and hold treatment until you get the results from the
lab
C) Treat the patient with a 7-day course of antibiotics and order a urine for
culture
and sensitivity (urine C&S) now and after she completes her antibiotics
D) Treat the patient with a stronger drug such as ofloxacin (Floxin) for 10
days. Answer: A) Order a urinalysis and urine for culture and sensitivity
(C&S) and treat the patient with antibiotics
The best treatment for this patient is to order the urinalysis and urine C&S
to identify the organism causing the infection. Treatment may begin while
waiting for the culture results. However, occasionally treatment may have
,to be changed after the culture/sensitivity results return, due to resistance
to the antibiotic used.
▶ -au-lait spots look like tan-to-light brown stains that have irregular
borders. They can be located anywhere on the body. Which of the following
is a correct statement?
A) They are associated with neurofibromatosis or von Recklinghausen's
disease
B) They may be considered as precancerous after a biopsy
C) They are more common in darker-skinned children
D) They are associated with Wilson's disease. Answer: A) They are
associated with neurofibromatosis or von Recklinghausen's disease
-au-lait spots are caused by an increase in melanin content, often with
the presence of giant melanosomes. They have irregular borders and vary
in color from light to dark brown. Neurofibromatosis causes tumors to grow
in the nervous system, and these tumors commo
-au-lait spots.
▶ During the eye exam of a 50-year-old hypertensive patient who is
complaining of an onset of a severe headache, you find that the borders of
the disc margins on both eyes are blurred. What is the name of this clinical
finding?
A) Normal optic disc
B) Optic neuropathy
C) Papilledema
D) Hypertensive retinopathy. Answer: C) Papilledema
Papilledema is defined as having optic disc swelling that is caused by
increased intracranial pressure. It is commonly seen in both eyes and can
develop over a time period of hours or weeks. Headache is a common
complaint.
▶ A high school teacher complains of a dry cough for the past 6 weeks. It
worsens when he is supine. He has episodes of heartburn, which he self-
treats with an over- the-counter (OTC) antacid. He chews mints for his "bad
,breath." Which of the fol- lowing is a possible cause for this patient's
cough?
A) Asthma
B) Gastroesophageal reflux
C) Pneumonia
D) Chronic postnasal drip. Answer: B) Gastroesophageal reflux
GERD is a condition in which food comes up from the stomach/esophagus
due to a weak sphincter. It usually worsens with lying down and can cause
a cough and esophageal irritation if not treated.
▶ The red reflex is elicited by shining a light in the eyes of the infant at an
angle with the light about 15 in. away. The nurse practitioner is screening
for?
A) Cataracts
B) Strabismus
C) Blindness
D) The blinking response. Answer: A) Cataracts
Screening for cataracts is performed by shining a light into the eyes at an
angle, approximately 15 inches away. If the red reflex is not elicited, then
cataracts are present.
▶ A 44-year-old patient with Down syndrome starts to develop impaired
memory and difficulty with his usual daily life routines. He is having
problems functioning at the job that he has done for the past 10 years. The
physical exam and routine labs are all negative. The vital signs are normal.
His appetite is normal. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) Tic douloureux
B) A stroke
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) Delirium. Answer: C) Alzheimer's disease
Delirium is an acute decline in mental status and is temporary. Common
causes are fever, shock, drugs, alcohol, and dehydration. Alzheimer's
disease is a permanent change to the brain that causes short-term memory
loss, agnosia, apraxia, and aphasia. In this case, the patient's physical
, exam is normal; however, he is having memory loss and difficulty working
and carrying out his normal tasks
▶ Which of the following findings is associated with the chronic use of
chewing tobacco?
A) Cheilosis and xerostomia
B) Glossitis
C) A geographic tongue
D) Leukoplakia and oral cancer. Answer: D) Leukoplakia and oral cancer
The chronic use of tobacco increases the risk of oral cancer and
leukoplakia. Cheilosis is skin fissures/maceration in the corner of the
mouth, most commonly caused by anemia, bacterial infection, vitamin
deficiencies, or oversalivation.
▶ Which of the following is recommended treatment for erythema migrans
or early Lyme disease?
A) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) 100 mg PO BID x 21 days
B) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 250 mg PO BID x 14 days
C) Erythromycin (E-mycin) 333 mg PO TID x 10 days
D) Dicloxacillin 500 mg PO BID x 10 days. Answer: A) Doxycycline
(Vibramycin) 100 mg PO BID x 21 days
The CDC-recom- mended treatment for erythema migrans or Lyme disease
is doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 21 days.
▶ Nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists derive their legal right to
practice from:
A) The Nurse Practice Act of the state where they practice
B) The laws of the state where they practice
C) The Medicare statute
D) The Board of Nursing in the state where they practice. Answer: A) The
Nurse Practice Act of the state where they practice
The Nurse Practice Act provides nurses with the legal right to practice
nursing. The State Board of Nursing is the agency that enforces the Nurse
