OPHTHALMOLOGY EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS 2026
▶ Scleritis. Answer: Inflammation/engorgement of conjunctival, episcleral,
and scleral blood vessels which may be sectoral or diffuse. Patient may
experience severe, boring eye pain that radiates to forehead and/or jaw.
Commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Treat with oral steroids.
▶ Conjunctival Icetrus. Answer: Yellowing of the conjunctiva due to
excessive bilirubin which causes the eyes to appear yellow. Common in
premature infants, rare in adults. Treat jaudice/underlying systemic
condition.
▶ Corneal Abrasion. Answer: Epithelial defect (Stains with NaFI dye
(yellow dye)) with history of trauma and absence of underlying corneal
opacification. Red eye, watering, light sensitivity, and mild-severe pain
relative to size. May consider prophylactic antibiotic and pain management.
▶ Recurrent Corneal Erosion. Answer: Recurrent corneal abrasions -
occurs in area of previous trauma. Most often occur upon wakening.
▶ Corneal Ulcer. Answer: Focal white opacity - infiltration of white blood
vessels with an overlying epithelial defect. Associated with red eye and
discharge. t will complain of moderate-sever pain. Most common in contact
lens users. Refer for treatment with topical antibiotics, may result in
scarring and permanent vision loss.
▶ Corneal Burn. Answer: Epithelial corneal damage which may progress
to complete opacification due to foreign agent (alkali worse than acidic)
which can progress to tissue necrosis. EMERGENT TREATMENT - rising
eye for 30 minutes with saline and monitoring pH. Refer for prolonged
management. DO NOT TRY to use an acidic agent to treat.
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS 2026
▶ Scleritis. Answer: Inflammation/engorgement of conjunctival, episcleral,
and scleral blood vessels which may be sectoral or diffuse. Patient may
experience severe, boring eye pain that radiates to forehead and/or jaw.
Commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Treat with oral steroids.
▶ Conjunctival Icetrus. Answer: Yellowing of the conjunctiva due to
excessive bilirubin which causes the eyes to appear yellow. Common in
premature infants, rare in adults. Treat jaudice/underlying systemic
condition.
▶ Corneal Abrasion. Answer: Epithelial defect (Stains with NaFI dye
(yellow dye)) with history of trauma and absence of underlying corneal
opacification. Red eye, watering, light sensitivity, and mild-severe pain
relative to size. May consider prophylactic antibiotic and pain management.
▶ Recurrent Corneal Erosion. Answer: Recurrent corneal abrasions -
occurs in area of previous trauma. Most often occur upon wakening.
▶ Corneal Ulcer. Answer: Focal white opacity - infiltration of white blood
vessels with an overlying epithelial defect. Associated with red eye and
discharge. t will complain of moderate-sever pain. Most common in contact
lens users. Refer for treatment with topical antibiotics, may result in
scarring and permanent vision loss.
▶ Corneal Burn. Answer: Epithelial corneal damage which may progress
to complete opacification due to foreign agent (alkali worse than acidic)
which can progress to tissue necrosis. EMERGENT TREATMENT - rising
eye for 30 minutes with saline and monitoring pH. Refer for prolonged
management. DO NOT TRY to use an acidic agent to treat.
