OPHTHALMOLOGY LATEST EXAM
PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PDF 2026
▶ Sclera. Answer: "White" part of the eye composed of thick, dense
connective tissue
▶ Acute Conjunctivitis. Answer: Characterized by conjunctival hyperemia.
3 types: Viral - "Pink Eye" with mild discharge. Allergic - Red eye with
minimal discharge but severe symptom of pruitis (itch). Bacterial - red eye
with moderate to copious discharge - RARE in adults.
▶ Chronic Conjunctivitis. Answer: Characterized by red eye with
associated discharge and inferior follicles that lasts for >4 weeks. (Must
rule out chlamydial inclusion conjunctivitis - conjunctival and corneal
cultures).
▶ Pinguecula. Answer: Yellow-white, flat or slightly raised conjunctival
lesion which does not invade the cornea, no treatment. Caused by sunlight
exposure and chronic irritation.
▶ Pterygium. Answer: Fibrovascular tissue arising from conjunctiva
crossing onto cornea. Monitor until interfering with vision - surgical removal.
Caused by sunlight exposure and chronic irritation.
▶ Subconjunctival Hemorrhage. Answer: Characterized by blood
underneath the conjunctiva which obstructs view of sclera. Often occur
spontaneously due to valsava (forceful attempted exhalation against a
closed airway) such as from coughing, sneezing, constipation, labor, etc. If
recurrent, consider lab work up for clotting disorder. No treatment.
▶ Episcleritis. Answer: Inflammation/engorgement of the episcleral blood
vessels - commonly presents in a section of the conjunctiva in one eye.
Mild to moderate tenderness. Most common etiology is idiopathic. Treat
with artificial tears or topical steroid.
PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PDF 2026
▶ Sclera. Answer: "White" part of the eye composed of thick, dense
connective tissue
▶ Acute Conjunctivitis. Answer: Characterized by conjunctival hyperemia.
3 types: Viral - "Pink Eye" with mild discharge. Allergic - Red eye with
minimal discharge but severe symptom of pruitis (itch). Bacterial - red eye
with moderate to copious discharge - RARE in adults.
▶ Chronic Conjunctivitis. Answer: Characterized by red eye with
associated discharge and inferior follicles that lasts for >4 weeks. (Must
rule out chlamydial inclusion conjunctivitis - conjunctival and corneal
cultures).
▶ Pinguecula. Answer: Yellow-white, flat or slightly raised conjunctival
lesion which does not invade the cornea, no treatment. Caused by sunlight
exposure and chronic irritation.
▶ Pterygium. Answer: Fibrovascular tissue arising from conjunctiva
crossing onto cornea. Monitor until interfering with vision - surgical removal.
Caused by sunlight exposure and chronic irritation.
▶ Subconjunctival Hemorrhage. Answer: Characterized by blood
underneath the conjunctiva which obstructs view of sclera. Often occur
spontaneously due to valsava (forceful attempted exhalation against a
closed airway) such as from coughing, sneezing, constipation, labor, etc. If
recurrent, consider lab work up for clotting disorder. No treatment.
▶ Episcleritis. Answer: Inflammation/engorgement of the episcleral blood
vessels - commonly presents in a section of the conjunctiva in one eye.
Mild to moderate tenderness. Most common etiology is idiopathic. Treat
with artificial tears or topical steroid.
