1|Page
HCR 240 Final Exam 2.0 2026-2027 BANK QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS WILL
COME FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADED
What does the cardiovascular system consist of? - ANSWERS--The
circulatory system + the heart
What do arteries do? - ANSWERS--Carry blood away from the heart
What is the function of capillaries? - ANSWERS--Exchange fluids and
gases between blood and tissues
What do veins do? - ANSWERS--Carry blood toward the heart
Function of the tricuspid valve? - ANSWERS--Controls flow from right
atrium to right ventricle
Function of the pulmonary valve? - ANSWERS--Controls flow from right
ventricle to pulmonary arteries
Function of the mitral (bicuspid) valve? - ANSWERS--Controls flow from
left atrium to left ventricle
,2|Page
Function of the aortic valve? - ANSWERS--Controls flow from left
ventricle to aorta
What is the pericardium? - ANSWERS--Double membrane surrounding
the heart
Function of pericardial fluid? - ANSWERS--Cushions the heart and acts
as a barrier
What is hypertension? - ANSWERS--Elevated systolic and/or diastolic
blood pressure
Primary hypertension cause? - ANSWERS--Genetics and environment
Secondary hypertension cause? - ANSWERS--Underlying disease
Risk factors for hypertension? - ANSWERS--Age, obesity, smoking,
sodium intake, diabetes, family history
Complications of hypertension? - ANSWERS--Myocardial infarction,
stroke, kidney disease, heart failure
,3|Page
What is malignant hypertension? - ANSWERS--Severe blood pressure
causing organ damage (medical emergency)
Why is hypertension called a silent disease? - ANSWERS--Usually has no
symptoms
How is hypertension diagnosed? - ANSWERS--Elevated readings on at
least two occasions
Treatment for primary hypertension? - ANSWERS--Lifestyle changes
and medications (DASH diet, exercise)
Treatment for secondary hypertension? - ANSWERS--treat underlying
cause
Normal response to standing with orthostatic hypotension? -
ANSWERS--Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction
Definition of orthostatic hypotension? - ANSWERS--Drop in SBP ≥20
mmHg or DBP ≥10 mmHg within 3 minutes
Causes of orthostatic hypotension? - ANSWERS--Medications (anti-
hypertensive), (prolonged) immobility by illness, dehydration, venous
pooling
, 4|Page
Symptoms of orthostatic hypotension? - ANSWERS--Dizziness, syncope,
blurred vision
What is DVT? - ANSWERS--Clot formation in deep veins
Common location of DVT? - ANSWERS--Lower extremities (deep
femoral vein, superficial femoral vein, popliteal vein)
Major danger of DVT? - ANSWERS--It can break off and become an
embolus
Symptoms of deep vein thrombosis? - ANSWERS--Typically absent but
could experience swelling of affected limbs
Virchow's triad? - ANSWERS--Endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow,
hypercoagulability
Give examples of endothelial injury of the virchow triad? - ANSWERS--
Atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic hyperglycemia, direct injury to
the blood vessel
What is an embolism? - ANSWERS--A traveling obstruction in the
bloodstream
HCR 240 Final Exam 2.0 2026-2027 BANK QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS WILL
COME FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADED
What does the cardiovascular system consist of? - ANSWERS--The
circulatory system + the heart
What do arteries do? - ANSWERS--Carry blood away from the heart
What is the function of capillaries? - ANSWERS--Exchange fluids and
gases between blood and tissues
What do veins do? - ANSWERS--Carry blood toward the heart
Function of the tricuspid valve? - ANSWERS--Controls flow from right
atrium to right ventricle
Function of the pulmonary valve? - ANSWERS--Controls flow from right
ventricle to pulmonary arteries
Function of the mitral (bicuspid) valve? - ANSWERS--Controls flow from
left atrium to left ventricle
,2|Page
Function of the aortic valve? - ANSWERS--Controls flow from left
ventricle to aorta
What is the pericardium? - ANSWERS--Double membrane surrounding
the heart
Function of pericardial fluid? - ANSWERS--Cushions the heart and acts
as a barrier
What is hypertension? - ANSWERS--Elevated systolic and/or diastolic
blood pressure
Primary hypertension cause? - ANSWERS--Genetics and environment
Secondary hypertension cause? - ANSWERS--Underlying disease
Risk factors for hypertension? - ANSWERS--Age, obesity, smoking,
sodium intake, diabetes, family history
Complications of hypertension? - ANSWERS--Myocardial infarction,
stroke, kidney disease, heart failure
,3|Page
What is malignant hypertension? - ANSWERS--Severe blood pressure
causing organ damage (medical emergency)
Why is hypertension called a silent disease? - ANSWERS--Usually has no
symptoms
How is hypertension diagnosed? - ANSWERS--Elevated readings on at
least two occasions
Treatment for primary hypertension? - ANSWERS--Lifestyle changes
and medications (DASH diet, exercise)
Treatment for secondary hypertension? - ANSWERS--treat underlying
cause
Normal response to standing with orthostatic hypotension? -
ANSWERS--Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction
Definition of orthostatic hypotension? - ANSWERS--Drop in SBP ≥20
mmHg or DBP ≥10 mmHg within 3 minutes
Causes of orthostatic hypotension? - ANSWERS--Medications (anti-
hypertensive), (prolonged) immobility by illness, dehydration, venous
pooling
, 4|Page
Symptoms of orthostatic hypotension? - ANSWERS--Dizziness, syncope,
blurred vision
What is DVT? - ANSWERS--Clot formation in deep veins
Common location of DVT? - ANSWERS--Lower extremities (deep
femoral vein, superficial femoral vein, popliteal vein)
Major danger of DVT? - ANSWERS--It can break off and become an
embolus
Symptoms of deep vein thrombosis? - ANSWERS--Typically absent but
could experience swelling of affected limbs
Virchow's triad? - ANSWERS--Endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow,
hypercoagulability
Give examples of endothelial injury of the virchow triad? - ANSWERS--
Atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic hyperglycemia, direct injury to
the blood vessel
What is an embolism? - ANSWERS--A traveling obstruction in the
bloodstream
