OPTOMETRY CERTIFICATION EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2026
▶ Light is bent (refracted) secondarily by the _______. Answer: Lens
▶ Light is focused onto the __________ which contains specialized neural
cells called photoreceptors to process light and change it into a chemical
signal which is transmitted through the visual pathway.. Answer: Retina
▶ Majority of the light is focused onto the ___________ -> clearest portion
of vision.. Answer: Macula
▶ Chemical signal exits the eye via the ___________________.. Answer:
Optic Nerve (CN II)
▶ Which lobe is involved in visual processing??. Answer: The Occipital
Lobe
▶ The ability to clearly see an image at near involves a process known as
____________________ which is controlled by CN III (Oculomotor Nerve)..
Answer: Accomodation
▶ Testing Visual Acuity: Distance _________ ft vs. Near ________ cm.
Answer: Distance - 20 ft
Near - 40 cm
▶ Equipment used to cover the eye. Answer: Occluder
▶ Snellen Fraction 20/20. Answer: Test Distance/Letter Size: document
the smallest row of letters on the visual acuity chart where the patient was
able to correctly identify half or more of the letters
▶ ______________ condition in which the image is not clear. Answer:
Refractive Error
, ▶ Hyperopia. Answer: Farsightedness (Distance can be seen clearly, but
close ones do not come into proper focus). Some people may not notice
any problems with their vision, especially when they are young. With
significant hyperopia - vision can be blurry for objects at any distance, near
or far.
▶ Myopoia. Answer: Nearsightedness, Most Common refractive error of
the eye, cornea is too curved for the length of the eyeball (see close
objects clearly, but can not focus on objects further away). Light comes to
focus in front of the retina instead of on the retina.
▶ Astigmatism. Answer: Irregularly shaped eyeball leading to improper
focus of objects. Does not focus light evenly onto the retina - images
appear blurry and stretched out.
▶ Presbyopia. Answer: Age-related condition in which the ability to focus
up close becomes more difficult. As the eye ages, the lens can no longer
change shape enough to allow the eye to focus close objects clearly.
▶ Legal Blindness. Answer: Visual acuity worse than 20/200 in the better
seeing, corrected eye.
▶ Driving in AZ. Answer: Visual acuity must be better than 20/40 in the
better seeing, correct eye to obtain a driver's license with no restrictions.
▶ Daytime Restrictions. Answer: Visual acuity must be at least 20/60 in
better seeing, corrected eye to obtain a drives license with daytime
restrictions.
▶ Depth perception utilizes one eye or two?. Answer: Two - two images
must be focused on the respective maculas and must be processed
together in the occipital cortex.
▶ Strabismus. Answer: Two eyes do not work together to point at a target
simultaneous. Eye condition from a lack of coordination of the eye muscles
which prevents the two eyes from focusing at the same point in space.
▶ EXOtropia. Answer: Form of Strabismus in which one eye turns
outward.
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2026
▶ Light is bent (refracted) secondarily by the _______. Answer: Lens
▶ Light is focused onto the __________ which contains specialized neural
cells called photoreceptors to process light and change it into a chemical
signal which is transmitted through the visual pathway.. Answer: Retina
▶ Majority of the light is focused onto the ___________ -> clearest portion
of vision.. Answer: Macula
▶ Chemical signal exits the eye via the ___________________.. Answer:
Optic Nerve (CN II)
▶ Which lobe is involved in visual processing??. Answer: The Occipital
Lobe
▶ The ability to clearly see an image at near involves a process known as
____________________ which is controlled by CN III (Oculomotor Nerve)..
Answer: Accomodation
▶ Testing Visual Acuity: Distance _________ ft vs. Near ________ cm.
Answer: Distance - 20 ft
Near - 40 cm
▶ Equipment used to cover the eye. Answer: Occluder
▶ Snellen Fraction 20/20. Answer: Test Distance/Letter Size: document
the smallest row of letters on the visual acuity chart where the patient was
able to correctly identify half or more of the letters
▶ ______________ condition in which the image is not clear. Answer:
Refractive Error
, ▶ Hyperopia. Answer: Farsightedness (Distance can be seen clearly, but
close ones do not come into proper focus). Some people may not notice
any problems with their vision, especially when they are young. With
significant hyperopia - vision can be blurry for objects at any distance, near
or far.
▶ Myopoia. Answer: Nearsightedness, Most Common refractive error of
the eye, cornea is too curved for the length of the eyeball (see close
objects clearly, but can not focus on objects further away). Light comes to
focus in front of the retina instead of on the retina.
▶ Astigmatism. Answer: Irregularly shaped eyeball leading to improper
focus of objects. Does not focus light evenly onto the retina - images
appear blurry and stretched out.
▶ Presbyopia. Answer: Age-related condition in which the ability to focus
up close becomes more difficult. As the eye ages, the lens can no longer
change shape enough to allow the eye to focus close objects clearly.
▶ Legal Blindness. Answer: Visual acuity worse than 20/200 in the better
seeing, corrected eye.
▶ Driving in AZ. Answer: Visual acuity must be better than 20/40 in the
better seeing, correct eye to obtain a driver's license with no restrictions.
▶ Daytime Restrictions. Answer: Visual acuity must be at least 20/60 in
better seeing, corrected eye to obtain a drives license with daytime
restrictions.
▶ Depth perception utilizes one eye or two?. Answer: Two - two images
must be focused on the respective maculas and must be processed
together in the occipital cortex.
▶ Strabismus. Answer: Two eyes do not work together to point at a target
simultaneous. Eye condition from a lack of coordination of the eye muscles
which prevents the two eyes from focusing at the same point in space.
▶ EXOtropia. Answer: Form of Strabismus in which one eye turns
outward.
