NUR 198 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What physiological changes occur in older adults due to aging? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Changes in
cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, renal, and neurological systems, leading to decreased
muscle mass, bone density, skin elasticity, and cognitive function.
What are the priorities of care for older adults? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Preventing falls and
maintaining independence.
What is the importance of client education for older adults? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅To promote a safe
home environment and the importance of regular check-ups.
What is the pathophysiology of chronic illnesses? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Chronic illnesses require
ongoing management and can lead to complications if not managed properly.
What are the priorities of care for clients with chronic illnesses? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Preventing
complications and improving quality of life.
What are common manifestations of fluid volume alterations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Edema,
dehydration, and changes in blood pressure.
What diagnostics are used to assess fluid volume alterations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Serum
electrolytes, urine output, and weight monitoring.
What nursing management strategies are used for fluid volume alterations? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Monitoring fluid balance, administering IV fluids, and daily weights.
What are the manifestations of electrolyte imbalances? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Muscle cramps,
arrhythmias, and weakness.
What diagnostics are used for electrolyte level alterations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Serum electrolyte
levels and ECG for potassium imbalances.
,What is the pathophysiology of acid-base balance alterations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Conditions like
respiratory acidosis or metabolic alkalosis disrupt acid-base homeostasis.
What diagnostics are used to assess acid-base balance? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅ABG analysis.
What are the manifestations of acid-base imbalances? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Respiratory distress,
confusion, and lethargy.
What is the nursing management for perioperative clients? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Includes
preoperative assessment, patient education, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative care.
What are the priorities of care in perioperative nursing? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Preventing
complications, ensuring patient safety, and managing pain.
What is the pathophysiology of bariatric surgery? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Bariatric surgery is performed
to treat obesity, leading to significant weight loss and potential metabolic changes.
What are the common complications of bariatric surgery? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nutritional
deficiencies, dumping syndrome, and wound complications.
What is the difference between pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic pain management? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Pharmacologic involves medications, while non-pharmacologic includes therapies like
cognitive-behavioral therapy and physical therapy.
What are the manifestations of pain that require assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Acute or chronic
pain, varying in intensity and impact on function.
What are the nursing management strategies for clients with integument alterations? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Includes assessment, diagnostics like wound cultures, and targeted care for wounds,
pressure ulcers, burns, or skin infections.
, What are the common diagnostics for integument alterations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Wound cultures,
skin biopsy, and blood tests for infection markers.
What client education is important for managing chronic illnesses? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Medication
adherence, lifestyle modifications, and recognizing signs of exacerbation.
What is the role of client education in managing fluid balance? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Educating
clients on signs of fluid imbalance and the importance of fluid intake.
What is the significance of calculating IV fluid rates? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Correct IV fluid rates are
essential to maintain proper hydration and electrolyte balance.
What are the nursing management priorities for clients undergoing surgery? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Preventing complications, ensuring patient safety, and managing pain effectively.
What are the signs of complications to educate clients about post-surgery? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Signs of infection, proper wound care, and activity restrictions.
What is the importance of monitoring lab values in electrolyte management? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅To prevent complications like arrhythmias and ensure proper treatment.
What are common manifestations of impaired skin integrity? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Impaired skin
integrity can manifest as risk of infection, pain, and altered body image.
What is a key component of medical management for wounds? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Wound care,
including antibiotics for infection, debridement, and skin grafts for extensive wounds.
What are the priorities of care for wound management? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Preventing infection,
promoting wound healing, and maintaining skin integrity.
What is a nursing management strategy for wound care? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Wound assessment,
dressing changes, and monitoring for infection.
What physiological changes occur in older adults due to aging? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Changes in
cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, renal, and neurological systems, leading to decreased
muscle mass, bone density, skin elasticity, and cognitive function.
What are the priorities of care for older adults? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Preventing falls and
maintaining independence.
What is the importance of client education for older adults? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅To promote a safe
home environment and the importance of regular check-ups.
What is the pathophysiology of chronic illnesses? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Chronic illnesses require
ongoing management and can lead to complications if not managed properly.
What are the priorities of care for clients with chronic illnesses? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Preventing
complications and improving quality of life.
What are common manifestations of fluid volume alterations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Edema,
dehydration, and changes in blood pressure.
What diagnostics are used to assess fluid volume alterations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Serum
electrolytes, urine output, and weight monitoring.
What nursing management strategies are used for fluid volume alterations? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Monitoring fluid balance, administering IV fluids, and daily weights.
What are the manifestations of electrolyte imbalances? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Muscle cramps,
arrhythmias, and weakness.
What diagnostics are used for electrolyte level alterations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Serum electrolyte
levels and ECG for potassium imbalances.
,What is the pathophysiology of acid-base balance alterations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Conditions like
respiratory acidosis or metabolic alkalosis disrupt acid-base homeostasis.
What diagnostics are used to assess acid-base balance? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅ABG analysis.
What are the manifestations of acid-base imbalances? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Respiratory distress,
confusion, and lethargy.
What is the nursing management for perioperative clients? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Includes
preoperative assessment, patient education, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative care.
What are the priorities of care in perioperative nursing? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Preventing
complications, ensuring patient safety, and managing pain.
What is the pathophysiology of bariatric surgery? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Bariatric surgery is performed
to treat obesity, leading to significant weight loss and potential metabolic changes.
What are the common complications of bariatric surgery? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nutritional
deficiencies, dumping syndrome, and wound complications.
What is the difference between pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic pain management? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Pharmacologic involves medications, while non-pharmacologic includes therapies like
cognitive-behavioral therapy and physical therapy.
What are the manifestations of pain that require assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Acute or chronic
pain, varying in intensity and impact on function.
What are the nursing management strategies for clients with integument alterations? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Includes assessment, diagnostics like wound cultures, and targeted care for wounds,
pressure ulcers, burns, or skin infections.
, What are the common diagnostics for integument alterations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Wound cultures,
skin biopsy, and blood tests for infection markers.
What client education is important for managing chronic illnesses? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Medication
adherence, lifestyle modifications, and recognizing signs of exacerbation.
What is the role of client education in managing fluid balance? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Educating
clients on signs of fluid imbalance and the importance of fluid intake.
What is the significance of calculating IV fluid rates? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Correct IV fluid rates are
essential to maintain proper hydration and electrolyte balance.
What are the nursing management priorities for clients undergoing surgery? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Preventing complications, ensuring patient safety, and managing pain effectively.
What are the signs of complications to educate clients about post-surgery? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Signs of infection, proper wound care, and activity restrictions.
What is the importance of monitoring lab values in electrolyte management? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅To prevent complications like arrhythmias and ensure proper treatment.
What are common manifestations of impaired skin integrity? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Impaired skin
integrity can manifest as risk of infection, pain, and altered body image.
What is a key component of medical management for wounds? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Wound care,
including antibiotics for infection, debridement, and skin grafts for extensive wounds.
What are the priorities of care for wound management? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Preventing infection,
promoting wound healing, and maintaining skin integrity.
What is a nursing management strategy for wound care? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Wound assessment,
dressing changes, and monitoring for infection.
