NUR 304 LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT DISORDERS EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅closure or collapse of alveoli
acute (most common) or chronic
insidious, increasing dyspnea, cough, sputum production
s/s of acute atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅tachycardia, tachypnea, pleural pain, and central
cyanosis if large areas of the lung are affected
s/s of chronic atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅similar to acute, pulmonary infection may be present
assessment/diagnosis of atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅increased work of breathing and
hypoxemia
decreased breath sounds and crackles over the affected area
chest xray, pulse ox (less than 90)
nursing prevention of post op atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅frequent turning, early mobilization,
incentive spirometer, voluntary deep breathing, secretion management, pressurized MDI
nursing managment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅improve ventilation, remove secretions, PEEP, CPAB,
bronchoscopy, CPT, mechanical ventilation, thoracocentesis to relieve compression
ICOUGH - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Incentive spirometry
Coughing and deep breathing
Oral care (brushing teeth and using mouthwash twice a day)
,Understanding (patient and staff education)
Getting out of bed at least three times daily
Head-of-bed elevation
managing atelectasis
PEEP - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅positive end-expiratory pressure (a simple mask and one-way valve
system that provides varying amounts of expiratory resistance, usually 10 to 15 cm H2O)
CPAB - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅continuous positive airway breathing
pulmonary infections - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅tuberculosis, laryngotracheobronchitis, pneumonia
pulmonary tb - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mycobacterium tb bacillus
s/s are insidious, low grade fever, cough (nonproductive or mucopurulent, hemoptysis, night sweats,
fatigue, weight loss)
etiology of tb - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅spread via airborne droplets
can be suspended in air for minutes to hours
transmission requires close, frequent, or prolonged exposure
NOT spread by touching, sharing food utensils, kissing, or other physical contact
pathophys of tb - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅once particles are inhaled, they lodge in bronchiole and
alveolus, local inflam reaction occurs
ghon focus develops into a granuloma and the infection is walled off, stopping further spread
, infection can spread via lymphatics and grow in other organs (kidneys, bones, brain, adrenal glands)
risk factors for tb - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅homeless
inner city
foreign born
IV injecting drug users
poverty
immunosuppression
asian descent
classes of tb exposure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅0= no tb exposure
1= exposure, no infection
2= latent tb, no disease
3= tb, clinically active
4= tb, not clinically active
5= tb suspect
primary tb infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅when bacteria are inhaled
latent tb infection (LTBI) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅infected but no active disease
AND ANSWERS
atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅closure or collapse of alveoli
acute (most common) or chronic
insidious, increasing dyspnea, cough, sputum production
s/s of acute atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅tachycardia, tachypnea, pleural pain, and central
cyanosis if large areas of the lung are affected
s/s of chronic atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅similar to acute, pulmonary infection may be present
assessment/diagnosis of atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅increased work of breathing and
hypoxemia
decreased breath sounds and crackles over the affected area
chest xray, pulse ox (less than 90)
nursing prevention of post op atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅frequent turning, early mobilization,
incentive spirometer, voluntary deep breathing, secretion management, pressurized MDI
nursing managment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅improve ventilation, remove secretions, PEEP, CPAB,
bronchoscopy, CPT, mechanical ventilation, thoracocentesis to relieve compression
ICOUGH - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Incentive spirometry
Coughing and deep breathing
Oral care (brushing teeth and using mouthwash twice a day)
,Understanding (patient and staff education)
Getting out of bed at least three times daily
Head-of-bed elevation
managing atelectasis
PEEP - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅positive end-expiratory pressure (a simple mask and one-way valve
system that provides varying amounts of expiratory resistance, usually 10 to 15 cm H2O)
CPAB - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅continuous positive airway breathing
pulmonary infections - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅tuberculosis, laryngotracheobronchitis, pneumonia
pulmonary tb - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mycobacterium tb bacillus
s/s are insidious, low grade fever, cough (nonproductive or mucopurulent, hemoptysis, night sweats,
fatigue, weight loss)
etiology of tb - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅spread via airborne droplets
can be suspended in air for minutes to hours
transmission requires close, frequent, or prolonged exposure
NOT spread by touching, sharing food utensils, kissing, or other physical contact
pathophys of tb - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅once particles are inhaled, they lodge in bronchiole and
alveolus, local inflam reaction occurs
ghon focus develops into a granuloma and the infection is walled off, stopping further spread
, infection can spread via lymphatics and grow in other organs (kidneys, bones, brain, adrenal glands)
risk factors for tb - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅homeless
inner city
foreign born
IV injecting drug users
poverty
immunosuppression
asian descent
classes of tb exposure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅0= no tb exposure
1= exposure, no infection
2= latent tb, no disease
3= tb, clinically active
4= tb, not clinically active
5= tb suspect
primary tb infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅when bacteria are inhaled
latent tb infection (LTBI) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅infected but no active disease
