Bio 132 Exam 2 Actual Exam
Questions And Answers Practice
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Already Graded A+
What was the effect of climate change on migratory birds and their ability to feed
offspring? - Answer- Birds migrate to nesting grounds. Caterpillars are main source of
food for long distance migratory pied flycatchers when they feed their nestlings.
Because of climate change, caterpillars emerged earlier than usual, so while the birds
migrated at the normal time, when they arrived, their food source was scarce because
the caterpillars emerged before they arrived.
What is optimal foraging? - Answer- Animals will forage in a way such that the benefits
of a particular behavior outweigh the costs. In optimal foraging, experimenters can
measure costs such as energy output and time required to find, handle and eat a food
item and weigh that against the caloric and nutritional benefits from the food item.
optimal foraging in oystercatchers: - Answer- A study investigated the size of mussels
selected by oystercatchers when foraging. The birds chose medium sized mussels to
balance the caloric value (size) with the handling time expended. Larger mussels had
more calories but were more difficult to open(high cost). Smaller mussels had low
calories (low on benefits.)
optimal foraging in chacma baboons: - Answer- chacma baboons forage in areas with
less abundant food and less predation risk
adaptations for hunting and foraging: - Answer- star nosed mole, aye-ayes (lemur) have
elongated digits that allow them to tap on a tree and locate grubs (similar to
woodpeckers)
farming: - Answer- cultivating crop fungus-leaf cutter ants & ants and aphids.
using tools to obtain food: - Answer- The mugger crocodile uses sticks on his snout to
lure nest building birds
trapping: - Answer- spider webs, trapdoor spider, amazon ants, ant lion traps.
What is the relationship between sloths, moths, and algae? - Answer- sloths come down
from the trees to poop and the eggs that hatched on the poop (now moths) cling to the
sloth and attach themselves to the sloth's fur. Then the decaying bugs that live in the fur
produce algae in which the sloths eat off their fur. Neither consumes the other but they
both benefit in some other way.
, What is Aggressive mimicry? - Answer- When a predator mimics certain behavior
patterns of its prey in order to attract or allure the prey
ex:Snapping turtle wiggling its tongue like a worm
How do leafcutter ants prevent disease of their crops? - Answer- farmed a specific crop
fungus and provided an antibiotic to the fungus so it wouldn't decompose from bacterial
infection
anti-predator adaptations- Detection and escape: - Answer- Sensory systems,
physiology and behavior combine to detect and escape from potential predators
ex: Precocial offspring such as pronghorn
ability to detect the scent of a predator - a single compound in urine of carnivores
triggers an instinctual avoidance response
How do climate changes (increased CO2, increased temperatures) affect the
antipredator defense of reef fish? - Answer- Reef fish exposed to seawater with high
CO2 concentration, do not avoid the scent of a predator's.
juveniles raised in high CO2 water show riskier behavior.
-CO2 mixes in with the ocean making the predator's odor disappear. So the reef fish will
not detect the scent of the predator. Therefore the fish will not see the predator coming
and will attack the reef fish.
How can native animals (wallabies) be trained to detect the odors of introduced
predators? - Answer- Predator naive wallabies fail to respond to the odor cues of
introduced predators
- Predator-naive wallabies fail to respond to the odor cues of predators.
- Can they be trained?
- Scent of a cat or a dog. Now they are training to smell cat urine and then through
classical conditioning, are training them to be fearful of the odor
Crypsis: - Answer- Crypsis, similar to camouflage, is the ability to blend into the
background making it difficult for a predator to detect the prey animal.
ex: Blend into the background-Moths and lizards patterned like tree trunks.
Mullerian mimicry: - Answer- Two or more unpalatable species resemble each other.
ex: stinging wasp replicating a bee when it comes to their black stripes
Batesian mimicry: - Answer- defenseless species (mimic) protected from predation by
resemblance to a species that is dangerous
Ex: a caterpillar that looks similar to a venomous snake
Tail Autotomy: - Answer- Animals sheds/loses tail to evade predator's grasp.
Eye spots and False Heads: - Answer- Give appearance of a face to deter a predator's
"element of surprise" and hopefully the attack altogether.
Questions And Answers Practice
Questions with Solutions Newest |
Already Graded A+
What was the effect of climate change on migratory birds and their ability to feed
offspring? - Answer- Birds migrate to nesting grounds. Caterpillars are main source of
food for long distance migratory pied flycatchers when they feed their nestlings.
Because of climate change, caterpillars emerged earlier than usual, so while the birds
migrated at the normal time, when they arrived, their food source was scarce because
the caterpillars emerged before they arrived.
What is optimal foraging? - Answer- Animals will forage in a way such that the benefits
of a particular behavior outweigh the costs. In optimal foraging, experimenters can
measure costs such as energy output and time required to find, handle and eat a food
item and weigh that against the caloric and nutritional benefits from the food item.
optimal foraging in oystercatchers: - Answer- A study investigated the size of mussels
selected by oystercatchers when foraging. The birds chose medium sized mussels to
balance the caloric value (size) with the handling time expended. Larger mussels had
more calories but were more difficult to open(high cost). Smaller mussels had low
calories (low on benefits.)
optimal foraging in chacma baboons: - Answer- chacma baboons forage in areas with
less abundant food and less predation risk
adaptations for hunting and foraging: - Answer- star nosed mole, aye-ayes (lemur) have
elongated digits that allow them to tap on a tree and locate grubs (similar to
woodpeckers)
farming: - Answer- cultivating crop fungus-leaf cutter ants & ants and aphids.
using tools to obtain food: - Answer- The mugger crocodile uses sticks on his snout to
lure nest building birds
trapping: - Answer- spider webs, trapdoor spider, amazon ants, ant lion traps.
What is the relationship between sloths, moths, and algae? - Answer- sloths come down
from the trees to poop and the eggs that hatched on the poop (now moths) cling to the
sloth and attach themselves to the sloth's fur. Then the decaying bugs that live in the fur
produce algae in which the sloths eat off their fur. Neither consumes the other but they
both benefit in some other way.
, What is Aggressive mimicry? - Answer- When a predator mimics certain behavior
patterns of its prey in order to attract or allure the prey
ex:Snapping turtle wiggling its tongue like a worm
How do leafcutter ants prevent disease of their crops? - Answer- farmed a specific crop
fungus and provided an antibiotic to the fungus so it wouldn't decompose from bacterial
infection
anti-predator adaptations- Detection and escape: - Answer- Sensory systems,
physiology and behavior combine to detect and escape from potential predators
ex: Precocial offspring such as pronghorn
ability to detect the scent of a predator - a single compound in urine of carnivores
triggers an instinctual avoidance response
How do climate changes (increased CO2, increased temperatures) affect the
antipredator defense of reef fish? - Answer- Reef fish exposed to seawater with high
CO2 concentration, do not avoid the scent of a predator's.
juveniles raised in high CO2 water show riskier behavior.
-CO2 mixes in with the ocean making the predator's odor disappear. So the reef fish will
not detect the scent of the predator. Therefore the fish will not see the predator coming
and will attack the reef fish.
How can native animals (wallabies) be trained to detect the odors of introduced
predators? - Answer- Predator naive wallabies fail to respond to the odor cues of
introduced predators
- Predator-naive wallabies fail to respond to the odor cues of predators.
- Can they be trained?
- Scent of a cat or a dog. Now they are training to smell cat urine and then through
classical conditioning, are training them to be fearful of the odor
Crypsis: - Answer- Crypsis, similar to camouflage, is the ability to blend into the
background making it difficult for a predator to detect the prey animal.
ex: Blend into the background-Moths and lizards patterned like tree trunks.
Mullerian mimicry: - Answer- Two or more unpalatable species resemble each other.
ex: stinging wasp replicating a bee when it comes to their black stripes
Batesian mimicry: - Answer- defenseless species (mimic) protected from predation by
resemblance to a species that is dangerous
Ex: a caterpillar that looks similar to a venomous snake
Tail Autotomy: - Answer- Animals sheds/loses tail to evade predator's grasp.
Eye spots and False Heads: - Answer- Give appearance of a face to deter a predator's
"element of surprise" and hopefully the attack altogether.
