CSU Psy 100 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
availability heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-estimating the likelihood of events
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based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps
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because of their vividness), we presume such events are common.
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intuition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or
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thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning.
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belief perseverance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-clinging to one's initial conceptions
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after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
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overconfidence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the tendency to be more confident than
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correct-to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.
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framing - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the way an issue is posed; how an issue is
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framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments.
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cognition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-all the mental activities associated with
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thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
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concept - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a mental grouping of similar objects, events,
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ideas, and people
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,prototype - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a mental image or best example of a category.
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|Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting
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items into categories (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical
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bird, such as a robin).
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algorithm - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a methodical, logical rule or procedure that
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guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier-but
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also more error-prone-use of heuristics.
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heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a simple thinking strategy that often allows us
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to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more
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error prone than algorithms.
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confirmation bias - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a tendency to search for information
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that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
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insight - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a sudden realization of a problem's solution;
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contrasts with strategy-based solutions.
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mental set - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a tendency to approach a problem in one
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particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
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convergent thinking - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-narrows the available problem
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solutions to determine the single best solution
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, creativity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the ability to produce novel and valuable
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ideas.
divergent thinking - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-expands the number of possible
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problem solutions (creative thinking that diverges in different directions)
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aphasia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-impairment of language, usually caused by left-
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hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's
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area (impairing understanding).
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Broca's area - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-controls language expression-an area of the
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frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements
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involved in speech. | |
Wernicke's area - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-controls language reception-a brain area
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|involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal
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lobe.
language - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-our spoken, written, or signed words and the
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ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
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morpheme - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-in a language, the smallest unit that carries
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meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix)
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grammar - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-in a language, a system of rules that enables us
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to communicate with and understand others. In a given language, semantics is
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Correct Answers
availability heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-estimating the likelihood of events
| | | | | | | | |
based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
because of their vividness), we presume such events are common.
| | | | | | | | |
intuition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or
| | | | | | | | |
thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning.
| | | | | |
belief perseverance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-clinging to one's initial conceptions
| | | | | | | | |
after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
| | | | | | | | | |
overconfidence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the tendency to be more confident than
| | | | | | | | | |
correct-to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.
| | | | | | | |
framing - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the way an issue is posed; how an issue is
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments.
| | | | | |
cognition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-all the mental activities associated with
| | | | | | | | |
thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
| | | |
concept - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a mental grouping of similar objects, events,
| | | | | | | | | |
ideas, and people
| |
,prototype - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a mental image or best example of a category.
| | | | | | | | | | |
|Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
items into categories (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical
| | | | | | | | | | |
bird, such as a robin).
| | | |
algorithm - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a methodical, logical rule or procedure that
| | | | | | | | | |
guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier-but
| | | | | | | | | |
also more error-prone-use of heuristics.
| | | |
heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a simple thinking strategy that often allows us
| | | | | | | | | | |
to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more
| | | | | | | | | | |
error prone than algorithms.
| | | |
confirmation bias - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a tendency to search for information
| | | | | | | | | |
that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
| | | | | | | | | |
insight - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a sudden realization of a problem's solution;
| | | | | | | | | |
contrasts with strategy-based solutions.
| | |
mental set - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a tendency to approach a problem in one
| | | | | | | | | | | |
particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
| | | | | | | | | | |
convergent thinking - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-narrows the available problem
| | | | | | | |
solutions to determine the single best solution
| | | | | |
, creativity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the ability to produce novel and valuable
| | | | | | | | | |
ideas.
divergent thinking - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-expands the number of possible
| | | | | | | | |
problem solutions (creative thinking that diverges in different directions)
| | | | | | | |
aphasia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-impairment of language, usually caused by left-
| | | | | | | | |
hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's
| | | | | | | | | | |
area (impairing understanding).
| |
Broca's area - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-controls language expression-an area of the
| | | | | | | | | |
frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements
| | | | | | | | | | | |
involved in speech. | |
Wernicke's area - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-controls language reception-a brain area
| | | | | | | |
|involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal
| | | | | | | | | | |
lobe.
language - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-our spoken, written, or signed words and the
| | | | | | | | | | |
ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
| | | | | |
morpheme - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-in a language, the smallest unit that carries
| | | | | | | | | | |
meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
grammar - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-in a language, a system of rules that enables us
| | | | | | | | | | | |
to communicate with and understand others. In a given language, semantics is
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