NURS 545 Mc Cance Pathophysiology chapter 1 sample questions
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Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a.
Cells can produce proteins.
b.
Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c.
Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d.
Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances
from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions
of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
,2. Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a.
Mitochondria
b.
Ribosome
c.
Nucleolus
d.
Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones,
which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell's genetic
information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
,3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction?
a.
Lysosomes
b.
Peroxisomes
c.
Ribosomes
d.
Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in
enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
, 4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage
into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or
cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react
with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do
not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
University of South Alabama | Recent Exam with Complete Real
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Already
Graded A+ |Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam | Just Released!!
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a.
Cells can produce proteins.
b.
Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c.
Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d.
Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances
from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions
of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
,2. Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a.
Mitochondria
b.
Ribosome
c.
Nucleolus
d.
Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones,
which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell's genetic
information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
,3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction?
a.
Lysosomes
b.
Peroxisomes
c.
Ribosomes
d.
Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in
enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
, 4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage
into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or
cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react
with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do
not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
