Bio E109 - Midterm 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
Action Potential of a Cardiac Contractile Cell Correct Answers
Have an initial depolarization of the cardiac cell due to the entry
of sodium
0) Na+ channels open (DP)
1) Na+ channels close
2) Ca2+ channel open, fast K+ channels close (Polarization)
3) Ca2+ channels close, slow K+ channels open (hyper
polarization)
4) resting potential
after the blood goes through the blood, it goes through the....
Correct Answers pulmonary veins to carry blood back to the
heart
-oxygenated blood
Air passes down through.. Correct Answers the trachea and the
trachea branches into two bronchi
Albumin Correct Answers major carrier protein through the
blood, blood stabilizing protein
Alveolar pressure Correct Answers inspiration: negative
expiration: positive
rhythmic wave
Alveoli is the site of.... Correct Answers gas exchange
,Type 1: regular alveoli
Type 2: surfaced, reduce surface tension of water
-small distance, reduce diffusive distance by limiting space
Getting gas into liquid/plasma
1) solubility of gasses
2) pressure gradients
Anatomical dead space Correct Answers 1) lung filled, end of
inspiration
2) exhale air, still air in trachea (150mL)
3) trachea and bronchi are filled with stale air
4) breathe in again and get 350mL fresh air and 150 mL stale
-fresh air has high O2 concentration
Anemia Correct Answers Low hematocrit or iron
-Low RBCs, lower )2 carrying capacity
-Fatigue, weakness, eye problems
-Causes: genetic(spherocytosis, sickle cell anemia) and acquired
Arteries Correct Answers endothelium, elastic tissue (snap
back), smooth muscle (control), fibrous tissue (give structure)
,-recieves a lot of pressure
arteries Correct Answers take blood away from the heart,
deoxygenated (not always true)
arteriole constriction and dilation Correct Answers Volume
increased, pressure increased
-dialte a tube, open it up, less pressure
-constrict a tube, close a tube, more pressure
-same blood volume
Arterioles Correct Answers control resistance with clamps
change radius/cross sectional area, control flow and pressure
arterioles Correct Answers endothelium, smooth muscle
-control resistance, control radius of tube, tension
As alveolar ventilation increases... Correct Answers Po2
increases and PCO2 decreases
Aspirin and Thromboxane Correct Answers Aspirin interferes
with thromboxane A2 formation by inhibiting COX1
-do not allow platelets to aggregate well, bc do not want further
clotting
, At the lungs, rhythmic pattern is derived from... Correct
Answers the brain through motor neurons
Atherosclerosis Correct Answers arteries getting too stiff, do
not snap back
-excess lDL consumes by macrophages attach to endothelium,
form fatty streaks
-Fibrous scar tissue around lipid core, calcification arise
Macrophages release enzymes that expose collagen, attract
platelets for clotting
Atrioventrical Node Correct Answers -Stimulated by the wave
of depolarization and permeability
-signal runs down to the tip of the ventricle, wave of
depolarization that rises up the ventricle promoting contraction
-Muscle tissue is contractile and conducting
AV node controls... Correct Answers ventricles driven by the
SA node
AV Valve Correct Answers passive structure, when the
pressure is higher in the atrium than the ventricle the valve
opens and vice versa
Aveolar ventilation Correct Answers ventilation rate x (tidal
volume - dead space volume)
Action Potential of a Cardiac Contractile Cell Correct Answers
Have an initial depolarization of the cardiac cell due to the entry
of sodium
0) Na+ channels open (DP)
1) Na+ channels close
2) Ca2+ channel open, fast K+ channels close (Polarization)
3) Ca2+ channels close, slow K+ channels open (hyper
polarization)
4) resting potential
after the blood goes through the blood, it goes through the....
Correct Answers pulmonary veins to carry blood back to the
heart
-oxygenated blood
Air passes down through.. Correct Answers the trachea and the
trachea branches into two bronchi
Albumin Correct Answers major carrier protein through the
blood, blood stabilizing protein
Alveolar pressure Correct Answers inspiration: negative
expiration: positive
rhythmic wave
Alveoli is the site of.... Correct Answers gas exchange
,Type 1: regular alveoli
Type 2: surfaced, reduce surface tension of water
-small distance, reduce diffusive distance by limiting space
Getting gas into liquid/plasma
1) solubility of gasses
2) pressure gradients
Anatomical dead space Correct Answers 1) lung filled, end of
inspiration
2) exhale air, still air in trachea (150mL)
3) trachea and bronchi are filled with stale air
4) breathe in again and get 350mL fresh air and 150 mL stale
-fresh air has high O2 concentration
Anemia Correct Answers Low hematocrit or iron
-Low RBCs, lower )2 carrying capacity
-Fatigue, weakness, eye problems
-Causes: genetic(spherocytosis, sickle cell anemia) and acquired
Arteries Correct Answers endothelium, elastic tissue (snap
back), smooth muscle (control), fibrous tissue (give structure)
,-recieves a lot of pressure
arteries Correct Answers take blood away from the heart,
deoxygenated (not always true)
arteriole constriction and dilation Correct Answers Volume
increased, pressure increased
-dialte a tube, open it up, less pressure
-constrict a tube, close a tube, more pressure
-same blood volume
Arterioles Correct Answers control resistance with clamps
change radius/cross sectional area, control flow and pressure
arterioles Correct Answers endothelium, smooth muscle
-control resistance, control radius of tube, tension
As alveolar ventilation increases... Correct Answers Po2
increases and PCO2 decreases
Aspirin and Thromboxane Correct Answers Aspirin interferes
with thromboxane A2 formation by inhibiting COX1
-do not allow platelets to aggregate well, bc do not want further
clotting
, At the lungs, rhythmic pattern is derived from... Correct
Answers the brain through motor neurons
Atherosclerosis Correct Answers arteries getting too stiff, do
not snap back
-excess lDL consumes by macrophages attach to endothelium,
form fatty streaks
-Fibrous scar tissue around lipid core, calcification arise
Macrophages release enzymes that expose collagen, attract
platelets for clotting
Atrioventrical Node Correct Answers -Stimulated by the wave
of depolarization and permeability
-signal runs down to the tip of the ventricle, wave of
depolarization that rises up the ventricle promoting contraction
-Muscle tissue is contractile and conducting
AV node controls... Correct Answers ventricles driven by the
SA node
AV Valve Correct Answers passive structure, when the
pressure is higher in the atrium than the ventricle the valve
opens and vice versa
Aveolar ventilation Correct Answers ventilation rate x (tidal
volume - dead space volume)
