NUR 521 Exam 3 | Most Recent Exam 2026 Actual Complete Real
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IgA
located in mucous membranes of the GI tract and lungs and in many
secretions, serve as the first line of defense against microbes entering
the body via these routes, transferred to infants via breastmilk (not
absorbed in the GI tract, but does protect the infant from microbes in the
GI tract)
IgD
found only on the surface of mature B cells where it serves as a receptor
for antigen recognition (along with IgM)
IgE
bind to the surface of mast cells, stimulating the release of histamine,
heparin, and other mediators from the mast cell causing symptoms of
allergy (hives, hay fever), bind to parasitic worms, eosinophils bind to the
ig, releasing compounds that lyse the worm
IgG
Produced in copious amounts in response to antigenic stimulation, major
antibody in blood, promote target-cell lysis, binds target cells
enhancing phagocytosis, transferred across the placenta to fetal
circulation providing neonatal immunity
,IgM
first class of antibody produced in response to an antigen, promotes target
cell lysis, present on the surface of mature B cells where it serves as a
receptor for antigen recognition along with IgD
IgM
if these are high, it signifies an acute infection
Antigens
are molecules that induce specific immune responses and, as a result,
become the targets of those responses. may trigger production of
antibodies, cytotoxic T cells, or both—all of which can then attack it
epitopes or antigenic determinants
Because antigens are large, antibodies recognize and bind selected small
portions of the antigen, referred to as
hapten, carrier
In research and in clinical practice, we may want to generate
antibodies to molecules that are too small to induce an immune
response. To overcome this obstacle, we can link the small molecule to
a larger molecule, usually a protein. When this is done, the small
molecule is referred to as a _________________________ , and the
large
molecule is referred to as a _. At least some of the resultant antibodies will be
selective.
,Active Immunity
Response to infection or to administration of a vaccine or toxoid. (form own
antibodies)
Passive Immunity
Conferred by giving a patient preformed antibodies (immune globulins).
protects immediately but persists only as long as the antibodies remain in
the body. (given antibodies)
Killed vaccines
are composed of whole, killed microbes or isolated microbial components
(e.g., the polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b or the
surface antigen of hepatitis B).
live, attenuated vaccines
are composed of live microbes that have been weakened or rendered
completely avirulent.
Live vaccines
can be dangerous in recipients who are immunocompromised because
these people are unable to mount an effective immune response, even
against an avirulent organism.
, toxoid
is a bacterial toxin that has been changed to a nontoxic form.
Administration causes the recipient's immune system to manufacture
antitoxins (i.e., antibodies directed against the natural bacterial toxin).
Antitoxins protect against injury from toxins but do not kill the bacteria
that produce them
Specific Immune Globulins
These preparations contain a high concentration of antibodies directed
against a specific antigen (e.g., hepatitis B virus). Administration provides
immediate passive immunity. These preparations are made from donated
blood.
True Contraindications of a vaccine
Anaphylactic reaction to a vaccine, Anaphylactic reaction to a vaccine
component, moderate or severe illness with or without fever
Not contraindications of a vaccine
mild to moderate local reaction (soreness, erythema, swelling), mild acute
illness with or without low-grade fever, diarrhea, current antimicrobial
therapy, convalescent (period of recovery) phase of illness, prematurity
(same requirements as full-term), recent exposure to an infectious disease,
personal or family history of penicillin allergy or nonspecific allergy
MMR
combination of three live virus vaccine preferred over separate vaccines for
each
Exam Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Already
Graded A+ |Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam | Just Released!!
IgA
located in mucous membranes of the GI tract and lungs and in many
secretions, serve as the first line of defense against microbes entering
the body via these routes, transferred to infants via breastmilk (not
absorbed in the GI tract, but does protect the infant from microbes in the
GI tract)
IgD
found only on the surface of mature B cells where it serves as a receptor
for antigen recognition (along with IgM)
IgE
bind to the surface of mast cells, stimulating the release of histamine,
heparin, and other mediators from the mast cell causing symptoms of
allergy (hives, hay fever), bind to parasitic worms, eosinophils bind to the
ig, releasing compounds that lyse the worm
IgG
Produced in copious amounts in response to antigenic stimulation, major
antibody in blood, promote target-cell lysis, binds target cells
enhancing phagocytosis, transferred across the placenta to fetal
circulation providing neonatal immunity
,IgM
first class of antibody produced in response to an antigen, promotes target
cell lysis, present on the surface of mature B cells where it serves as a
receptor for antigen recognition along with IgD
IgM
if these are high, it signifies an acute infection
Antigens
are molecules that induce specific immune responses and, as a result,
become the targets of those responses. may trigger production of
antibodies, cytotoxic T cells, or both—all of which can then attack it
epitopes or antigenic determinants
Because antigens are large, antibodies recognize and bind selected small
portions of the antigen, referred to as
hapten, carrier
In research and in clinical practice, we may want to generate
antibodies to molecules that are too small to induce an immune
response. To overcome this obstacle, we can link the small molecule to
a larger molecule, usually a protein. When this is done, the small
molecule is referred to as a _________________________ , and the
large
molecule is referred to as a _. At least some of the resultant antibodies will be
selective.
,Active Immunity
Response to infection or to administration of a vaccine or toxoid. (form own
antibodies)
Passive Immunity
Conferred by giving a patient preformed antibodies (immune globulins).
protects immediately but persists only as long as the antibodies remain in
the body. (given antibodies)
Killed vaccines
are composed of whole, killed microbes or isolated microbial components
(e.g., the polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b or the
surface antigen of hepatitis B).
live, attenuated vaccines
are composed of live microbes that have been weakened or rendered
completely avirulent.
Live vaccines
can be dangerous in recipients who are immunocompromised because
these people are unable to mount an effective immune response, even
against an avirulent organism.
, toxoid
is a bacterial toxin that has been changed to a nontoxic form.
Administration causes the recipient's immune system to manufacture
antitoxins (i.e., antibodies directed against the natural bacterial toxin).
Antitoxins protect against injury from toxins but do not kill the bacteria
that produce them
Specific Immune Globulins
These preparations contain a high concentration of antibodies directed
against a specific antigen (e.g., hepatitis B virus). Administration provides
immediate passive immunity. These preparations are made from donated
blood.
True Contraindications of a vaccine
Anaphylactic reaction to a vaccine, Anaphylactic reaction to a vaccine
component, moderate or severe illness with or without fever
Not contraindications of a vaccine
mild to moderate local reaction (soreness, erythema, swelling), mild acute
illness with or without low-grade fever, diarrhea, current antimicrobial
therapy, convalescent (period of recovery) phase of illness, prematurity
(same requirements as full-term), recent exposure to an infectious disease,
personal or family history of penicillin allergy or nonspecific allergy
MMR
combination of three live virus vaccine preferred over separate vaccines for
each
