BIO E109 WEEK 7 (Digestive System + Metabolism)
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
4 basic functions of the digestive tract Correct Answers
digestion, absorption, secretion, motility
5 sections of the large intestine Correct Answers ascending
colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon,
rectum
After consuming carbohydrates, what are the 2 ways glucose is
stored? Correct Answers 1. stored as glycogen in the liver and
muscles
2. stored as fatty acids in other parts of the body and can be used
to make other things like hormones, membranes
amylase Correct Answers degrades starch/carbohydrates; cuts
in between glucose molecules to form lots of maltose molecules
(disaccharides)
bacteroides fragilis in the large intestine Correct Answers
regulates our T-cells production
bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in the large intestine Correct
Answers breaks down complex polysaccharides using
fermentation pathways
bacteroidetes:firmicutes ratio in the large intestine Correct
Answers bacteroidetes and firmicutes must be balanced;
firmicutes produce short-chain fatty acids, which can lead to
obesity if ratio not maintained
, basal metabolic rate Correct Answers the body's resting rate of
energy expenditure
extrinsic vs intrinsic pathway of CNS and GIT Correct Answers
extrinsic pathway: involves sympathetic/parasympathetic
systems
intrinsic pathway: enteric pathway that acts independently of
sympathetic/parasympathetic responses
gluconeogenesis Correct Answers formation of glucose from
noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids
glucostatic theory Correct Answers insulin and glucagon
regulate hunger by controlling blood glucose levels
How are di- and tri-peptides absorbed? Correct Answers di-
and tri-peptides co-transported with H+ into the small intestine,
then H+ exchanged for Na+ with NHE anti-transporter; peptides
can either be broken down into individual AA's then follow
above mechanism, or they can entirely be transported and
exchanged with H+ to enter bloodstream
How are lipids absorbed into the intestine? Correct Answers 1.
bile salts emulsify micelles to allow lipase to come in and break
down large fats into fatty acids
2. fatty acids (hydrophobic) diffuse out of the intestinal lumen
and into the enterocytes to get into the intestine
3. triglycerides are reformed in the intestinal cells and combine
with proteins to form chylomicrons
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
4 basic functions of the digestive tract Correct Answers
digestion, absorption, secretion, motility
5 sections of the large intestine Correct Answers ascending
colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon,
rectum
After consuming carbohydrates, what are the 2 ways glucose is
stored? Correct Answers 1. stored as glycogen in the liver and
muscles
2. stored as fatty acids in other parts of the body and can be used
to make other things like hormones, membranes
amylase Correct Answers degrades starch/carbohydrates; cuts
in between glucose molecules to form lots of maltose molecules
(disaccharides)
bacteroides fragilis in the large intestine Correct Answers
regulates our T-cells production
bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in the large intestine Correct
Answers breaks down complex polysaccharides using
fermentation pathways
bacteroidetes:firmicutes ratio in the large intestine Correct
Answers bacteroidetes and firmicutes must be balanced;
firmicutes produce short-chain fatty acids, which can lead to
obesity if ratio not maintained
, basal metabolic rate Correct Answers the body's resting rate of
energy expenditure
extrinsic vs intrinsic pathway of CNS and GIT Correct Answers
extrinsic pathway: involves sympathetic/parasympathetic
systems
intrinsic pathway: enteric pathway that acts independently of
sympathetic/parasympathetic responses
gluconeogenesis Correct Answers formation of glucose from
noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids
glucostatic theory Correct Answers insulin and glucagon
regulate hunger by controlling blood glucose levels
How are di- and tri-peptides absorbed? Correct Answers di-
and tri-peptides co-transported with H+ into the small intestine,
then H+ exchanged for Na+ with NHE anti-transporter; peptides
can either be broken down into individual AA's then follow
above mechanism, or they can entirely be transported and
exchanged with H+ to enter bloodstream
How are lipids absorbed into the intestine? Correct Answers 1.
bile salts emulsify micelles to allow lipase to come in and break
down large fats into fatty acids
2. fatty acids (hydrophobic) diffuse out of the intestinal lumen
and into the enterocytes to get into the intestine
3. triglycerides are reformed in the intestinal cells and combine
with proteins to form chylomicrons
