UCI E109 Midterm II (cardiovascular, respiration,
ventilation, exercise) Questions With Complete Solutions
Alveolar Pressure Correct Answers End of inspiration and
expiration equilibrium must occur
Alveolar ventilation Correct Answers = (tidal volume-dead
space) x respiratory rate
basically, dead space from previous breath is filled with fresh
air. exhale again, and 150 ml of dead space is released. however,
there's still 150 remaining from that 500 ml of inhaled air so that
becomes stale air. Inhale again, and stale air now into alveoli
with 150 ml of fresh air from 500 ml of new breath fills dead
space. REPEAT.
Alveolus Correct Answers many tiny air sacs in lungs;
gas exchange
anatomy of respiratory system Correct Answers conducting sys
(doesn't allow exchange; why we have dead space) : trachea -->
primary bronchi --> smaller bronchi
exchange surface. : bronchiole --> alveolus (biggest cross-
sectional area)
anemia Correct Answers 1. genetic (too much transferrin)
2. acquired (diet, etc)
causes fatigue, weakness, eye problems
,anemic hypoxia Correct Answers blood loss; reduced Hb-O2
binding (CO poisoning), anemia;don't get proper O2 release to
tissue
anticoagulants Correct Answers -prevent clot formation
-inhibits Ca2+ going in Thrombin which forms clot
ex. aspirin
arteriole Correct Answers smooth muscle (constrict or dilate);
helps regulate periphery resistance.
also has endothelium
artery Correct Answers lots of elastic tissue (maintain blood
flow) and smooth muscle.
also has endothelium, fibrous tissue
Asthma Correct Answers bronchioles constricted --> not
enough air in alveoli.
poor ventilation.
low PO2 in alveoli, low PO2 in blood.
atrial systole Correct Answers atrial contract.
30% filling of ventricles from atria.
no major pressure change bc it's a passive chamber.
autorhythmic cell action potential Correct Answers 1. If
channels open; Na+ enters cell; funny bc open in response of
repolarization instead of depolarization
2. depolarization from Na+ influx --> Ca2+ channels open. If
channels close.
, 3. Many Ca2+ channels open --> RAPID depolarization
4. Ca2+ channels close. K+ open. note: Ca2+ drives depolar.
event, not Na+.
5. K+ moves out of cell --> efflux of K+.
AV block Correct Answers impaired conduction between atria
and ventricle so message from SA node doesn't reach ventricles
or takes too long
AV valve Correct Answers between atria and ventricle
baroreceptor reflex Correct Answers control over BP
baroreceptor reflex: High BP Correct Answers inc BP -->
(sensory/receptor) carotid and aortic baroreceptors -->
(integrating center) medulla --> (efferent pathway) increase in
parasympathetic neurons bc you WANT body to RELAX -->
(effector) inc SA Node dec cardiac output, and ultimately
decreasing BP.
MEANWHILE, dec in sympathetic neurons --> dec on SA node
LOW BP - opposite
basic architecture of cardiovascular system Correct Answers
systemic blood coming back from vena cava flows first to R.A.
(deoxygenated blood) --> R.V. leaves pulmonary arteries to
circuit (high pressure) --> lungs (gas exchange) --> pulmonary
veins --> L.A. (now oxygenated blood) --> L.V. --> aorta
Blood in pulmonary circuit Correct Answers high flow rate,
low pressure --> gas exchange at lungs
ventilation, exercise) Questions With Complete Solutions
Alveolar Pressure Correct Answers End of inspiration and
expiration equilibrium must occur
Alveolar ventilation Correct Answers = (tidal volume-dead
space) x respiratory rate
basically, dead space from previous breath is filled with fresh
air. exhale again, and 150 ml of dead space is released. however,
there's still 150 remaining from that 500 ml of inhaled air so that
becomes stale air. Inhale again, and stale air now into alveoli
with 150 ml of fresh air from 500 ml of new breath fills dead
space. REPEAT.
Alveolus Correct Answers many tiny air sacs in lungs;
gas exchange
anatomy of respiratory system Correct Answers conducting sys
(doesn't allow exchange; why we have dead space) : trachea -->
primary bronchi --> smaller bronchi
exchange surface. : bronchiole --> alveolus (biggest cross-
sectional area)
anemia Correct Answers 1. genetic (too much transferrin)
2. acquired (diet, etc)
causes fatigue, weakness, eye problems
,anemic hypoxia Correct Answers blood loss; reduced Hb-O2
binding (CO poisoning), anemia;don't get proper O2 release to
tissue
anticoagulants Correct Answers -prevent clot formation
-inhibits Ca2+ going in Thrombin which forms clot
ex. aspirin
arteriole Correct Answers smooth muscle (constrict or dilate);
helps regulate periphery resistance.
also has endothelium
artery Correct Answers lots of elastic tissue (maintain blood
flow) and smooth muscle.
also has endothelium, fibrous tissue
Asthma Correct Answers bronchioles constricted --> not
enough air in alveoli.
poor ventilation.
low PO2 in alveoli, low PO2 in blood.
atrial systole Correct Answers atrial contract.
30% filling of ventricles from atria.
no major pressure change bc it's a passive chamber.
autorhythmic cell action potential Correct Answers 1. If
channels open; Na+ enters cell; funny bc open in response of
repolarization instead of depolarization
2. depolarization from Na+ influx --> Ca2+ channels open. If
channels close.
, 3. Many Ca2+ channels open --> RAPID depolarization
4. Ca2+ channels close. K+ open. note: Ca2+ drives depolar.
event, not Na+.
5. K+ moves out of cell --> efflux of K+.
AV block Correct Answers impaired conduction between atria
and ventricle so message from SA node doesn't reach ventricles
or takes too long
AV valve Correct Answers between atria and ventricle
baroreceptor reflex Correct Answers control over BP
baroreceptor reflex: High BP Correct Answers inc BP -->
(sensory/receptor) carotid and aortic baroreceptors -->
(integrating center) medulla --> (efferent pathway) increase in
parasympathetic neurons bc you WANT body to RELAX -->
(effector) inc SA Node dec cardiac output, and ultimately
decreasing BP.
MEANWHILE, dec in sympathetic neurons --> dec on SA node
LOW BP - opposite
basic architecture of cardiovascular system Correct Answers
systemic blood coming back from vena cava flows first to R.A.
(deoxygenated blood) --> R.V. leaves pulmonary arteries to
circuit (high pressure) --> lungs (gas exchange) --> pulmonary
veins --> L.A. (now oxygenated blood) --> L.V. --> aorta
Blood in pulmonary circuit Correct Answers high flow rate,
low pressure --> gas exchange at lungs
